V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i<\/i><\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p VN<\/i><\/p>\n
R\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan t\u00e2m v\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i r\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ee9c b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c FAO, trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 200 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh th\u00e1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i r\u1eebng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao. Theo FAO (1997), trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1980-1990 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 15,5 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1990-1995 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u1eabn m\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 13,7 tri\u1ec7u ha. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 trong 16 n\u0103m, 1980-1995 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 237 tri\u1ec7u ha b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 1,6% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 0,1% (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 0,8%).<\/p>\n
\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u0103m 1943 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 14,3 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 43%. Hi\u1ec7n nay di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 10.884.469 ha, \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 33,31%. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i cho m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, Ch\u00ednh Ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng r\u1eebng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e1 ngh\u1ec1 r\u1eebng. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. R\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn song c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t – \u0110\u1ee9c KFW1, KFW2 v\u00e0 KFW3 \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, B\u1eafc Giang, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung, thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh tham gia c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, ph\u1ee7 xanh \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai tr\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n
I\/ M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ITTO) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a sau: “Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 r\u1eebng mong mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i>“.<\/p>\n
H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Hensinki n\u0103m 1995 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 sau: “Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng sao cho b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng, t\u00ednh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh, s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh th\u00e1i, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u1ed1c gia, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c<\/i>“.<\/b><\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/i>, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf<\/i>, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i> v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/i> c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec r\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc,… \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng; ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt,… Tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb r\u1eebng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 – khi m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb r\u1eebng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n
II\/ M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t-\u0110\u1ee9c KFW<\/i><\/b>:<\/b><\/p>\n
*Quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/i><\/b>: Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. <\/i>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh tham gia tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn (s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecf) quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong th\u1eddi gian 30-50 n\u0103m theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 02\/CP ng\u00e0y 15\/1\/1994 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ebd y\u00ean t\u00e2m h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng v\u00ec n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng cho t\u1eebng h\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
*Quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t vi m\u00f4 c\u1ea5p th\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n<\/i><\/b>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t – \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi l\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ea1, quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u00f4n v\u00e0 x\u00e3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cao nh\u1ea5t cho r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quy ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea5p th\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n. Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh tham gia. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e2n chia nh\u00f3m d\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng sau n\u00e0y n\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u1edbi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tham v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n khi r\u1eebng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i khai th\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
*K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng<\/i><\/b>: D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, quy ph\u1ea1m hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng cho t\u1eebng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
-Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y con cao.<\/p>\n
-M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n
-R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi v\u1ee5, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cao.<\/p>\n
-X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng c\u1ea3n l\u1eeda \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n
*C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng<\/i><\/b>: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng c\u1ea3n l\u1eeda. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng. \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u00e3, th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd D\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
*C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/i><\/b>: V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra, nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n cho t\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 Ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00f4n, x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 con c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ki\u1ec3m tra-gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n
*C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n<\/i><\/b>:<\/i>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t – \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, giao \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c,… c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh tham gia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n, tham quan v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p x\u00e3, th\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho d\u00e2n nh\u1eefng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua cho th\u1ea5y nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t – \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng sau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, l\u1eeda r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m,… \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u1ea7n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc-k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kinh doanh c\u00e2y r\u1eebng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/i><\/p>\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h4>\n
1. Chris Elliott: “Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng – T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham lu\u1eadn”. H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1eebng, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1998, trang 22-27.<\/p>\n
2. V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i: “B\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n KFW1 t\u1ea1i hai t\u1ec9nh L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Giang”. Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2000, 10 trang.<\/p>\n
3. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1eebng Oxaca, Mexico: “Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng”. H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1eebng, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1998, trang 153-163.<\/p>\n
4. Quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t vi m\u00f4 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t – \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Ban QLDA KFW1 L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, th\u00e1ng 1\/2000.<\/p>\n
Some experiences in sustainable forest management in VietNam – Germany reforestation project<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Sustainable forest management is of great significance in forest establishment and development in contribution to ecological environment protection, meeting the ever – increasing forest product demand of the society, creating employment, raising the income and contributing to stabilizing, improving the living standards of the people engaged in forest occupations. VietNam – Germany reforestation project is one of the projects that preliminarily achieve some principles in sustainable management of forest plantations in our country especially as regards technical, socio-economic and policy aspects. Experiences of this project is a precious lesson for forest management work in our country now.<\/p>\n
****************************************<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
R\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan t\u00e2m v\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t r\u1eebng v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i r\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ee9c b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c FAO, trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 200 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=302"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19363,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302\/revisions\/19363"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}