{"id":297,"date":"2005-07-06T23:30:15","date_gmt":"2005-07-06T23:30:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/07\/06\/huong-dan-ky-thuat-trong-loi-tho-gmelina-arborea-roxb\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:37:41","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:37:41","slug":"huong-dan-ky-thuat-trong-loi-tho-gmelina-arborea-roxb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/huong-dan-ky-thuat-trong-loi-tho-gmelina-arborea-roxb\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng l\u00f5i th\u1ecd ( Gmelina arborea Roxb)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 Ch\u1ea5t<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt L\u00e2m Sinh<\/h2>\n

L\u00f5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc nhanh, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ee9\u01a1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00e1,\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Trung t\u00e2m, T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc, khu 4 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. L\u00f5i th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd t\u1ebfch ( Vebenaceae- Lamiaceae<\/i>), c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh. C\u00e2y cao t\u1edbi 30 m. L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i, d\u00e0i 10 -25 cm, r\u1ed9ng 8 -18cm, c\u00f3 3 g\u00e2n g\u1ed1c. Cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 d\u00e0i7 -12cm. Hoa m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m \u1edf n\u00e1ch l\u00e1. C\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00f5i th\u1ecd m\u1ecdc nhanh ( t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1,5 – 3 cm\/n\u0103m; t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ec1u cao 1,5 -2,5 m\/n\u0103m). G\u1ed7 m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng, m\u1ecbn, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng:<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00f5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t Feralit, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 chua trung b\u00ecnh, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y tr\u00ean 35cm. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby, \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 800m, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 750 – 2200mm\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

2. Gi\u1ed1ng :<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An, Ph\u00fa th\u1ecd. L\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gieo, t\u1ea1o v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh ( nh\u00e2n hom).<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t :<\/i><\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng thu h\u00e1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 -7 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m . Khi h\u1ea1t ch\u00edn , qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, r\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2t. Nh\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ee5ng, \u1ee7 trong 2 -3 ng\u00e0y. Ch\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1edbp v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gieo \u01b0\u01a1ng ngay.N\u1ebfu c\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t, c\u1ea7n ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 trong n\u0103ng nh\u1eb9, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eadp <5 \u0111\u1ed9 C. H\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 qua b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n khi \u0111em gieo ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 5 -7 gi\u1edd . Xong r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gieo v\u00e0o lu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c gieo v\u00e0o c\u00e1t, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea9m, khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m \u0111em c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecf b\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 9×12 cm.<\/p>\n

Ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u : d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m tr\u1ed9n 1-2 % l\u00e2n vi sinh , ho\u1eb7c 0,5% l\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ea5y c\u00e2y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m. Khi m\u1edbi c\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n che nh\u1eb9 3 -5 ng\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n che.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng hom:<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y hom c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 1- 3 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Hom c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f3ng , 2 c\u1eb7p l\u00e1, \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u00e1nh t\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 3 hom. Sau khi c\u1eaft hom , s\u1eeda c\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 sau 60 – 75 ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2.<\/p>\n

Hom \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c nh\u00fang trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p IBA +NAA n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 250 ppm + 250 ppm, trong 5 gi\u00e2y. Xong \u0111em c\u1eafm v\u00e0o lu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1t v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n. D\u00f9ng d\u00e0n che \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u1ea9m, tu\u1edbi \u1ea9m trong 7 -10 ng\u00e0y. Khi hom \u0111\u00e3 ra r\u1ec5 \u0111em c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n. C\u1ea7n che 30 -50% \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong 5 -7 ng\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea5t d\u00e0n che.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y sau 40 -60 ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00f5i th\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y th\u00e2n c\u1ee5t 1 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con:Tth\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho c\u00e2y con, khi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb n\u1ea5m c\u1ea7n phun thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb n\u1ea5m ngay.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y con<\/p>\n

Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tu\u1ed5i ( ng\u00e0y) Chi\u1ec1u cao ( cm) Dg (cm)<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y h\u1ea1t 60 -75 25 -30 0,4 -0,5<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y hom 40 -60 20 -30.<\/p>\n

3. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng :<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai : \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i hay \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t : c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c b\u00ec. \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7y ng\u1ea7m tu\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng : \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 40 x40x 40 cm<\/p>\n

B\u00f3n 100 -200 g ph\u00e2n vi sinh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng theo c\u1ef1 ly 3x3m. C\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1100 c\u00e2y\/ha.<\/p>\n

Tuy l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1i, song c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng thu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i , c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng theo b\u0103ng( \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng b\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb 15 -30 m).<\/p>\n

M\u00f9a tr\u1ed3ng : theo m\u00f9a tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng . Tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c:<\/u><\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00f5i th\u1ecd \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c l\u00f5i th\u1ecd , lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f5i th\u1ecd b\u1ecb che c\u1edbm. L\u00f5i th\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh s\u1edbm, c\u1ea7n t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh cho l\u00f5i th\u1ecd theo 2 m\u00f9a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng : v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 thu, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh. T\u1eadp trung t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh trong 2 -3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn c\u00e2y x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 vun g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 80 -100 cm m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 l\u1ea7n : ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh, vun g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1eaft b\u1ecf d\u00e2y leo v\u00e0 t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p :<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng l\u00f5i th\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00faa n\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00f4 trong 2 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00f5i th\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1ch xa g\u1ed1c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 50 cm , kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00f4 che c\u1edbm l\u00f5i th\u1ecd. Sau thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf c\u00e2y ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi l\u00f5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng l\u00f5i th\u1ecd theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n : tr\u1ed3ng theo h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e2y trong v\u01b0\u1eddn r\u1eebng. Tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p .<\/p>\n

Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1eebng l\u00f5i th\u1ecd:<\/u><\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00f5i th\u1ecd tr\u1ed3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 1100 c\u00e2y\/ha sang n\u0103m th\u1ee9 4 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n. C\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a. T\u1ec9a 30% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i 10 -12 ch\u1eb7t 1\/3 s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i . M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 300 -400 c\u00e2y\/ha \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 b\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e1n d\u0103m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 1600 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u00f3 t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a 1 l\u1ea7n khi r\u1eebng 4 tu\u1ed5i. Khai th\u00e1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khi r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1t 8 -10 tu\u1ed5i. Ti\u1ebfp theo kinh doanh 1 lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3 r\u1eebng ch\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng l\u00f5i th\u1ecd : \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ee9\u01a1c Philippin, India, SalomonIsland, Nigieria r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 25 -30 m3\/ha\/n\u0103m. C\u00e1c l\u00f4 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00f5i th\u1ecd \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An, Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 1100c\u00e2y\/ ha, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1t 15 -17 m3\/ha\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00f5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc nhanh, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ee9\u01a1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00e1,\u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng Trung t\u00e2m, T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc, khu 4 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. L\u00f5i th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd t\u1ebfch ( Vebenaceae- Lamiaceae), c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh. C\u00e2y cao t\u1edbi 30 m. L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i, d\u00e0i 10 -25 cm, r\u1ed9ng 8 -18cm, c\u00f3 3 g\u00e2n g\u1ed1c. Cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 d\u00e0i7 -12cm. Hoa m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m \u1edf n\u00e1ch l\u00e1. C\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng. <\/p>\n

L\u00f5i th\u1ecd m\u1ecdc nhanh ( t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1,5 – 3 cm\/n\u0103m; t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ec1u cao 1,5 -2,5 m\/n\u0103m). G\u1ed7 m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng, m\u1ecbn, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=297"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19367,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/297\/revisions\/19367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}