{"id":289,"date":"2005-07-06T23:26:25","date_gmt":"2005-07-06T23:26:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/07\/06\/buoc-dau-nghien-cuu-ve-benh-heo-thong-ba-la-do-tuyen-trung-o-tinh-lam-dong\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:39:27","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:39:27","slug":"buoc-dau-nghien-cuu-ve-benh-heo-thong-ba-la-do-tuyen-trung-o-tinh-lam-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/buoc-dau-nghien-cuu-ve-benh-heo-thong-ba-la-do-tuyen-trung-o-tinh-lam-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 do tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng \u1edf t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea1m Quang ThuA, Akiomi YamaneB<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

A: Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i><\/p>\n

B: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh v\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Nihon, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/i><\/p>\n


\n<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y nguy\u00ean, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n trong khu v\u1ef1c. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1995, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 559.039 ha trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 127.440 ha r\u1eebng g\u1ed7 c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng 2 l\u00e1), chi\u1ebfm 22,8%, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi l\u00e1 kim v\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd d\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim v\u00e0 27.009 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1. Th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 Pinus kesiya<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Kon Tum v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao Ho\u00e0ng Su Ph\u00ec c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Giang. Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i chung, v\u00ec v\u1eady, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng nhanh. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Chi c\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1999, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i do lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 1000 ha. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00ean t\u1edbi 40-50% nh\u01b0 \u1edf Cam Ly – Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, K’longK’lanh v\u00e0 \u0110asa- huy\u1ec7n L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y h\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 do v\u00f2i voi. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00f4ng L\u00e2m Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c – th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y h\u00e9o c\u00e2y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u non v\u00f2i voi trong v\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Chi c\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft h\u00e9o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh g\u1eedi cho Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n M\u00e3o – Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft. Sau khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/i> v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m cho c\u00e2y kho\u1ebb th\u00f4ng qua vector l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i x\u00e9n t\u00f3c Monochamus alternatus<\/i>. Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1997, Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u00e2m sinh \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi cho ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u00e2u non c\u1ee7a x\u00e9n t\u00f3c. Nh\u1eefng s\u00e2u non n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1997 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai con x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00e9o v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 cho r\u1eb1ng khi x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u0169 ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft do nhi\u1ec5m tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a h\u00e8, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 mang theo m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng b\u00e1m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u1edf c\u1ee7a x\u00e9n t\u00f3c. Khi x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0103n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdt non c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng kho\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c, tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u1edf c\u1ee7a x\u00e9n t\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u00e2y qua c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng do x\u00e9n t\u00f3c g\u1eb7m v\u1ecf c\u00e0nh non. Sau khi nhi\u1ec5m, tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n nhanh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0m c\u00e2y m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ebd h\u00e9o d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o th\u00f4ng \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra thu m\u1eabu, t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vector truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c do b\u1ec7nh g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 thu m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2000. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 kh\u00fac ch\u1ee9a s\u00e2u non c\u1ee7a x\u00e9n t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i thu x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eebc kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ea3y ra qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee5c tr\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng Pinus kesiya<\/i> \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t nam.<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/b><\/p>\n

1.1. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u00f4 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2000, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t v\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– CamLy – th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t<\/p>\n

– H\u1ed3 Tuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m – th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t<\/p>\n

– N\u00fai Voi – th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t<\/p>\n

– N\u00fai Lang Bian – huy\u1ec7n L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

– K’longK’lanh- huy\u1ec7n L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n

1.2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d4 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Lang Bian v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 Tuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 400 m2<\/sup>. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ea3y qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee5c tr\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y v\u1edbi 4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n sau:<\/p>\n

– A: C\u00e2y kho\u1ebb, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

– B: C\u00e2y y\u1ebfu, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a \u00edt<\/p>\n

– C: C\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ebft, v\u1ecf ph\u00eda trong t\u01b0\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a<\/p>\n

– D: C\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft d\u00f9ng t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i x\u00e9n t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ec5u l\u1ecdc Bi\u1ebfc man. Sau 24 gi\u1edd, thu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ec5u v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ebfm m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng tr\u00ean k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi soi n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi v\u1eadt k\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n pha. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng tr\u00ean 10 gam g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng sau khi t\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong dung d\u1ecbch Formalin 1%, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i s\u00e2u non x\u00e9n t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 thu x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9n t\u00f3c v\u0169 ho\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

2. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n

2.1 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00f4 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00eau \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1.2, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u1edf B\u1ea3ng 1<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1: T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y<\/td>\n\u00d4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1 1<\/p>\n

(Lang Bian)<\/td>\n

\u00d4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1 2<\/p>\n

( h\u1ed3 Tuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\nS\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u tra<\/p>\n

(c\u00e2y)<\/td>\n

(%)<\/td>\nS\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u tra (c\u00e2y)<\/td>\n(%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n63.5<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n53.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a \u00edt<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n17.5<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n19.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n4.7<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n7.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D: C\u00e2y ch\u1ebft b\u1edfi tuy\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

tr\u00f9ng<\/td>\n

9<\/td>\n14.3<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n19.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1<\/td>\n63<\/td>\n100.0<\/td>\n56<\/td>\n100.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebft nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00e2y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eebng h\u1eb3n vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft nh\u1ef1a \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft trong m\u00f9a thu (Mamiya, 1983). Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh b\u1edfi tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c B \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c D. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u00e0 36.5% \u1edf Lang Bian v\u00e0 46.4% \u1edf Tuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

2.2 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1999, Vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c JICA (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n). Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 Akiomi Yamane, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nihon c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng. 26 m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m: Cam Ly, n\u00fai Lang Bian, h\u1ed3 Tuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m, n\u00fai Voi v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xung quanh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t . Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a s\u00e2u non c\u1ee7a x\u00e9n t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i thu x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o th\u00f4ng \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Bursaphelenchus<\/i> sp. Lo\u00e0i tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Bursaphelenchus mucronatus<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/i>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 2 lo\u00e0i tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng trong g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Trong \u0111\u00f3 lo\u00e0i Bursaphelenchus mucronatus<\/i> l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng k\u00fd sinh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt song c\u00f3 t\u00ednh g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh y\u1ebfu c\u00f2n lo\u00e0i Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng \u1edf Canada, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan…(Mamiya, 1988).<\/p>\n

2.3 T\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu g\u1ed7<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2000, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i x\u00e9n t\u00f3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0169 ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Lo\u00e0i Bursaphelenchus<\/i> sp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong 9 m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 2.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 2: \u0110i\u1ec1u tra tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng Bursaphelenchus<\/i> sp. tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nhau<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 c\u00e2y<\/td>\nV\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/td>\nDBH<\/p>\n

(cm)<\/td>\n

H<\/p>\n

(m)<\/td>\n

M\u1ea7u s\u1eafcl\u00e1<\/td>\nN\u0103m ch\u1ebft<\/td>\nM\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nK’longK’lanh<\/td>\n9.0<\/td>\n5.0<\/td>\na<\/td>\n1999<\/td>\n+++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nK’longK’lanh<\/td>\n12.0<\/td>\n7.2<\/td>\nc<\/td>\n1997?<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nK’longK’lanh<\/td>\n12.0<\/td>\n6.5<\/td>\nb<\/td>\n1998<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nK’longK’lanh<\/td>\n10.0<\/td>\n6.0<\/td>\nb<\/td>\n1998<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nLangBian<\/td>\n6.0<\/td>\n4.5<\/td>\na<\/td>\n1999<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nLangBian<\/td>\n8.0<\/td>\n5.0<\/td>\na<\/td>\n1999<\/td>\nnf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nLangBian<\/td>\n9.0<\/td>\n6.0<\/td>\na<\/td>\n1999<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nLangBian<\/td>\n6.0<\/td>\n5.8<\/td>\na<\/td>\n1999<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n7.0<\/td>\n7.0<\/td>\na<\/td>\n1999<\/td>\nnf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n9.0<\/td>\n7.0<\/td>\na<\/td>\n1999<\/td>\n+++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n8.0<\/td>\n6.5<\/td>\na<\/td>\n1999<\/td>\n++++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


\n<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1ea7u s\u1eafc l\u00e1: <\/i><\/p>\n

a: L\u00e1 gi\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, l\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ea7u xanh<\/p>\n

b: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e2y<\/p>\n

c: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e1 \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e2y
\n<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng:<\/i><\/p>\n

+: M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p<\/p>\n

++: M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng trung b\u00ecnh<\/p>\n

+++: M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng h\u01a1i cao<\/p>\n

++++: M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng cao<\/p>\n

nf: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 2 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 thu th\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng cao nh\u1ea5t t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb K’longK’lanh v\u00e0 Cam Ly t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 thu t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 1 n\u0103m th\u00ec m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3.4 Nu\u00f4i x\u00e9n t\u00f3c v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu th\u00e2n g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a s\u00e2u non c\u1ee7a x\u00e9n t\u00f3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1999 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2000 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edfVi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 3.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con x\u00e9n t\u00f3c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Monochamus alternatus,<\/i> m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i x\u00e9n t\u00f3c, l\u00e0 vector ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/i> \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft h\u00e9o th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, x\u00e9n t\u00f3c Monochamus alternatus<\/i> c\u00f3 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0169 ho\u00e1 trong n\u0103m. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 4 v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0169 ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn th\u1eddi gian x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u0169 ho\u00e1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau qua c\u00e1c n\u0103m v\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Akiomi Yamane, 1981). Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian v\u0169 ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nu\u00f4i s\u00e2u non x\u00e9n t\u00f3c trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u1edbi (Fujio Kobayashi, Akiomi Yamane, v\u00e0 Toshiya Ikeda, 1984). R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, x\u00e9n t\u00f3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 5 \u1edf qu\u1eadn Kyusyu, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 6 \u1edf qu\u1eadn Kansai, t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 6 \u1edf qu\u1eadn Kanto, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 7 \u1edf qu\u1eadn Tohoku.Th\u1eddi gian x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u0169 ho\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong kho\u1ea3ng 2 th\u00e1ng (Yoichi Kishi, 1995).<\/p>\n

1. <\/b>Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o th\u00f4ng do tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o th\u00f4ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, B\u1eafc M\u1ef9… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 do tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/i>. Lo\u00e0i tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft h\u00e9o cho th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Bursaphelenchus mucronantus<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/i>. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp theo s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i Bursaphelenchus sp<\/i>. \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng.T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ea3y ra qua l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0o th\u00e2n c\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i B (c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ef1a) \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c D (c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft b\u1edfi tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng). B\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i 36.5% v\u00e0 46.4% \u1edf Lang Bian v\u00e0 Tuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m (theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1). X\u00e9n t\u00f3c Monochamus alternatus<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng Bursaphelenchus sp<\/i>. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u00e2y nu\u00f4i x\u00e9n t\u00f3c trong l\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0169 ho\u00e1 trong 1 n\u0103m. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 4 v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 2 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb vector truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 3: K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nu\u00f4i x\u00e9n t\u00f3c tr\u00ean g\u1ed7 kh\u00fac trong l\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/h1>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S\u1ed1 m\u1eabu<\/b><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b><\/td>\nNg\u00e0y thu th\u1eadp<\/b><\/td>\nNg\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9n t\u00f3c<\/b><\/td>\nS\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9n t\u00f3c<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1-00<\/td>\nK’longK’lanh<\/td>\n24\/1\/2000<\/td>\n25\/3\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2-00<\/td>\nK’longK’lanh<\/td>\n24\/1\/2000<\/td>\n26\/3\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3-00<\/td>\nK’longK’lanh<\/td>\n24\/1\/2000<\/td>\n1\/4\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4-99<\/td>\nLang Bian<\/td>\n8\/8\/2000<\/td>\n20\/9\/1999<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5-99<\/td>\nLang Bian<\/td>\n8\/8\/2000<\/td>\n21\/9\/1999<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6-00<\/td>\nLang Bian<\/td>\n25\/1\/2000<\/td>\n26\/3\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7-00<\/td>\nLang Bian<\/td>\n25\/1\/2000<\/td>\n2\/4\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8-00<\/td>\nLang Bian<\/td>\n25\/1\/2000<\/td>\n5\/4\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9-99<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n7\/8\/2000<\/td>\n22\/9\/1999<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10-99<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n7\/8\/2000<\/td>\n23\/9\/1999<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11-00<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n26\/1\/2000<\/td>\n27\/3\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12-00<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n26\/1\/2000<\/td>\n13\/4\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13-00<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n26\/1\/2000<\/td>\n15\/4\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14-99<\/td>\nTuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m<\/td>\n9\/8\/000<\/td>\n25\/9\/1999<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15-99<\/td>\nTuy\u1ec1n L\u00e2m<\/td>\n9\/8\/2000<\/td>\n1\/10\/1999<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
16-00<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n18\/4\/2000<\/td>\n15\/5\/2000<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17-00<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n18\/4\/2000<\/td>\n27\/5\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18-00<\/td>\nCamLy<\/td>\n18\/4\/2000<\/td>\n2\/7\/2000<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n

Kishi Yoichi. 1995. The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer.<\/i><\/p>\n

Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan. 302 p.<\/p>\n

Kobayashi, F., Yamane, A., and Ikeda, T. 1984. The Japanese sawyer beetle as the vector of pine wilt disease. Annual Rev. Entomology<\/i>. 1984 (29): 115-35.<\/p>\n

Mamiya Y. 1983. Pathology of the pine wilt disease caused by B. xylophilus<\/i> Annual Rev. Phytopathology<\/i>. 1983(21):201- 20.<\/p>\n

Mamiya Y. 1988.History of pine wilt disease in Japan. Journal of nematology<\/i>.1988,20 (2): 219-226.<\/p>\n

Yamane A. 1981. The Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: cerambycidae): bionomics and control. Review of Plant Protection Research<\/i>. 1981 (14): 1-25.<\/p>\n

Summary<\/b><\/p>\n

Preliminary surveys of pine wilt nematode disease in Lam Dong province<\/b><\/p>\n

Pine Pinus kesiya<\/i> plantations are of major economic, social and environmental importance to DalatCityin particular and in Lam Dong province in general. Pine wilt symptoms and dead trees are found out at pine plantations of various locations. The results of previous research showed that the cause of the disease was not identified clearly. A systematic survey was needed in order to dentify the nematode and their vector, sawyer beetle and to evaluate the incidence and severity of the disease. The health status of the trees was evaluated by estimating the oleoresin exudation amount via punching hole on pine stem in the typical plots with dimension of 400 m2<\/sup>. Nematodes were extracted from wood samples for identification. Nematode, namely Bursaphelenchus <\/i>sp was determined. The density of nematode varied at different specimens collected from various locations. The highest density of nematode was found at specimens collected at K’Long K’Lanh and Cam Ly. The disease incidences were 36.5% and 46.4% in Lang Bian and Tuyen Lam respectively. Sawyer beetle emerged from wood log samples collected in infected plantations. Based on morphological characteristics of sawyer beetles emerged, all these sawyer beetles were classified as Japanese sawyer beetles, namely Monochamus alternatus.<\/i> The sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus<\/i> had two periods of emerging. The first lasted from the end of March to mid April and the second from the end of September to early October.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y nguy\u00ean, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n trong khu v\u1ef1c. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1995, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 559.039 ha trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 127.440 ha r\u1eebng g\u1ed7 c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng 2 l\u00e1), chi\u1ebfm 22,8%, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi l\u00e1 kim v\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd d\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim v\u00e0 27.009 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1. Th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1 Pinus kesiya l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Kon Tum v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao Ho\u00e0ng Su Ph\u00ec c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Giang. Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i chung, v\u00ec v\u1eady, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=289"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19375,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/289\/revisions\/19375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}