{"id":288,"date":"2005-07-06T23:24:22","date_gmt":"2005-07-06T23:24:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/07\/06\/ket-qua-dieu-tra-sinh-thai-di-truyen-bon-loai-cay-ho-dau-tren-vung-cat-ven-bien\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T10:39:41","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T03:39:41","slug":"ket-qua-dieu-tra-sinh-thai-di-truyen-bon-loai-cay-ho-dau-tren-vung-cat-ven-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ket-qua-dieu-tra-sinh-thai-di-truyen-bon-loai-cay-ho-dau-tren-vung-cat-ven-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra sinh th\u00e1i – Di truy\u1ec1n b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a<\/i><\/h1>\n

Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

H\u1ecd D\u1ea7u ( Diptercarpaceae<\/i> ) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam\u00e1 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u1ea3i su\u1ed1t khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn Philipin, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 13 chi v\u00e0 470 lo\u00e0i. Trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Campuchia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u00e0o, Th\u00e1i Lan, Myanma, \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ( V\u00e2n Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam ) ( Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng, 1983 ). H\u1ecd D\u1ea7u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00e2n c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 cao t\u1edbi 30-40m, v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 40 lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a 6 chi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Dipterocarpus<\/i> (d\u1ea7u), Anisoptera<\/i> ( v\u00ean v\u00ean), Hopea<\/i> (sao), Vatica<\/i> (t\u00e1u), Shorea<\/i> (chai, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Pentacme<\/i> – C\u1ea9m li\u00ean), Parashorea<\/i> (ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9).<\/p>\n

Do chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 do khai th\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd m\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng. Theo Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Chuy\u00ean v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 An, Vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra quy ho\u1ea1ch r\u1eebng (1995), \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 1959, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i r\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 l\u00e0 1.146.257ha ( chi\u1ebfm 49% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng ), \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 834.050ha ( chi\u1ebfm 36% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch khu v\u1ef1c, n\u0103m 1982 gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n 416.900ha (b\u1eb1ng 18% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch) v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1992 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 183.081ha (8%). R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd d\u1ea7u \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

I.<\/b>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/b><\/p>\n

Hai nh\u00f3m c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu song b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn suy ki\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. B\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t (D. chartaceus<\/i>), s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t (Shorea roxburghii<\/i>), chai l\u00e1 cong (shorea<\/i> falcata<\/i>), v\u00e0 sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim (Hopea cordata<\/i>). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh v\u00ec r\u1eebng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n loa\u00ec c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

II. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp gi\u1ed1ng:<\/b><\/p>\n

2.1. D\u1ea7u c\u00e1t:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u c\u00e1t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y, t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Dipterocarpus chartaceus Sym<\/i>. D\u1ea7u c\u00e1t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i, cao t\u1edbi 25 – 30 m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 50 – 60cm. T\u00e1n c\u00e2y th\u01b0a, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh mu\u1ed9n. V\u1ecf c\u00e2y x\u00e1m. Nh\u00ecn chung c\u00e2y d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e2y d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i. L\u00e1 h\u00ecnh thu\u00f4n d\u00e0i, d\u00e0i 8 – 16cm, r\u1ed9ng 5 – 8cm, ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, r\u1ed9ng 6 -10cm. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 song song.Qu\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 2cm, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t nh\u1eb5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh, trong khi qu\u1ea3 d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i c\u00f3 5 c\u1ea1nh. Hai c\u00e1nh l\u1edbn d\u00e0i 9 – 11cm, r\u1ed9ng 2,5 – 3cm. Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 – 5 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u c\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Namtr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n ch\u1ea1y su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb Phan Thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e0 R\u1ecba – V\u0169ng T\u00e0u. C\u00e2y m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1m kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00e2y, d\u1ecdc su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0m Minh, H\u00e0m Thu\u1eadn Nam t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Lagi, H\u00e0m T\u00e2n ( B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn ), ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1m r\u1eebng nh\u1ecf k\u00e9o theo d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb H\u00e0m T\u00e2n \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf R\u1eebng c\u1ea5m B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2u – Ph\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eedu ( B\u00e0 R\u1ecba – V\u0169ng T\u00e0u ).<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh th\u00e1i n\u00fai Takou (H\u00e0m Minh, H\u00e0m Thu\u1eadn Nam, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn ) c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean 15.000ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cu\u1ea3 d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t. V\u1ecf c\u00e2y d\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u1ecf d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i, n\u1ee9t s\u00e2u. C\u00e2y m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1m, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e1m kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m c\u00e2y. Qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf, v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eb5n b\u00f3ng, tr\u00f2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ea7u r\u00e1i. C\u00e2y m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 ven khe. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y tr\u00e0m (Melaleuca sp.<\/i> ) m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean s\u00ecnh nay \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ru\u1ed9ng. C\u00e2y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u01b0u h\u1ee3p r\u1eebng c\u00e1t – s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t (s\u1ebfn m\u1ee7 – Shorea roxburghii<\/i> ) t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Lagi, huy\u1ec7n H\u00e0m T\u00e2n kho\u1ea3ng 4 – 5km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng (phi lao) hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong v\u01b0\u1eddn r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 ban \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i, song do ch\u1eb7t h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u00e0 nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m c\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y che b\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 thanh long, c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng c\u1ea5m B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2u – Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eedu hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd d\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: (1) r\u1eebng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh th\u00e1i Takou, H\u00e0m Thu\u1eadn Nam, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn; (2) R\u1eebng khoanh nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Lagi, H\u00e0m T\u00e2n, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 (3) R\u1eebng c\u1ea5m B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2u- Ph\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eedu, B\u00e0 R\u1ecba, V\u0169ng T\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u1ea7n s\u1edbm thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t, gieo \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n trong c\u00e1c r\u1eebng c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 mau ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

2.2. S\u1ebfn c\u00e1t.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ebfn c\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ebfn m\u1ee7, t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Shorea roxburghii <\/i>G. Don.,<\/i> l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh cao t\u1edbi 20-30m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t 30-40cm. V\u1ecf th\u00e2n m\u00e0u x\u00e1m \u0111en, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t s\u00e2u. L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n m\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch, phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c hay thu\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00e1 l\u00fac nh\u1ecdn l\u00fac l\u00f5m. Tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh non, l\u00e1 d\u00e0i 15 – 18 cm, r\u1ed9ng 6 – 7cm. Tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, l\u00e1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, hai m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 ph\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n. Qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1nh l\u1edbn d\u00e0i 8cm v\u00e0 hai c\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf d\u00e0i 4cm. Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3 – 5 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. M\u1ed7i kg c\u00f3 900 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam nh\u01b0 Gia Lai, Kon Tum, \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc, L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, Nam Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9. S\u1ebfn c\u00e1t m\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm v\u00e0 r\u1eebng th\u01b0a, \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f9n song ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n ven bi\u1ec3n. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd d\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c, s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c tr\u00e0n lan, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 thu h\u1eb9p, ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefu l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng c\u1ea5m. Kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y khu c\u00f3 s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp chung n\u00ean quy ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n sinh th\u00e1i n\u00fai Takou ( H\u00e0m Minh, h\u00e0m Thu\u1eadn Nam, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn ) c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean 15.000ha trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 100ha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoanh nu\u00f4i l\u00e0m r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng cho s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t. S\u1ebfn c\u00e1t m\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecf kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o. V\u1ecf c\u00e2y d\u00e0y, n\u1ee9t s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111en. T\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ed1t, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u01b0u h\u1ee3p d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t – s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng c\u1ea5m B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2u – Ph\u01b0\u1edbc B\u00ecnh (B\u00e0 R\u1ecba – V\u0169ng T\u00e0u) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u01b0u h\u1ee3p d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t – s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e1nh Linh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 r\u1eebng s\u1ebfn m\u1ee7 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988 d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 300 – 350m. C\u1ef1 ly tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 4 x 8m, gi\u1eefa xen m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 cao nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y v\u1eabn b\u1ecb tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 ph\u00e1. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e2y 10 tu\u1ed5i cao b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 7 – 9m (c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u00e2y cao 12m) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 18cm.<\/p>\n

Do c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd d\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ri\u00eang ngu\u1ed3n gen s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng b\u1ea3o sinh th\u00e1i n\u00fai Takou ( H\u00e0m Minh, H\u00e0m Thu\u1eadn Nam, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn) v\u00e0 r\u1eebng c\u1ea5m B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2u – Ph\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eedu (B\u00e0 R\u1ecba – V\u0169ng T\u00e0u). K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n gen phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch. Nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ngay c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t, gieo \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

2.3 Chai l\u00e1 cong:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Chai l\u00e1 cong c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u01b0ng, s\u01b0ng c\u00e1t, s\u01b0ng d\u1ea7u, t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Shorea falcata <\/i>Vid., l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ee1, th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh. C\u00e2y c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 10 – 12m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 100cm. V\u1ecf m\u00e0u x\u00e1m. L\u00e1 d\u00e0i c\u00f3 khi h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 khi thu\u00f4n nh\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 4 – 6cm, d\u00e0i 10 – 14cm. M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u1eeda tr\u00ean, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 chai l\u00e1 cong. Qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, c\u00f3 5 c\u00e1nh; 3 c\u00e1nh to d\u00e0i 3 – 5cm v\u00e0 2 c\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf. Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 – 10 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u1edf Cam Ranh v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. M\u1ed7i kg c\u00f3 1200 – 1500 h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

Chai l\u00e1 cong m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng thu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ee5i c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea5t k\u00e9m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mau ch\u00f3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd d\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u c\u00e1t, s\u1ebfn c\u00e1t v\u00e0 sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim.<\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 s\u01b0ng c\u00e1t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 than c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 r\u1eebng b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho m\u1ee5c d\u00edch n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i g\u00ec. C\u1ea3 c\u01b0a v\u00e0 b\u00faa \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra g\u1ed7 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng thanh long. D\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e2y s\u01b0ng c\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sao d\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c. G\u1ed7 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00e0 b\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Theo s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1996), chai l\u00e1 cong m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf M\u1ef9 Ca (Cam Ranh, Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim (Hopea cordata<\/i>). C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t lo\u00e0i sao l\u00e1 cong \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i khu l\u00e2n c\u1eadn l\u00e0 x\u00f3m 3, x\u00e3 Cam H\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng, huy\u1ec7n Cam Ranh, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y chai l\u00e1 cong t\u1eadp trung xung quanh mi\u1ebfu Thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan l\u00e0: 120<\/sup>04′ 34 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 1090<\/sup>10′ 58 kinh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y 6 c\u00e2y to v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i. C\u00e2y to nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t 85cm v\u00e0 cao 7 – 8m. C\u00e1ch n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 100m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i. C\u0169ng theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho bi\u1ebft th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1965, \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng chai l\u00e1 cong m\u1ecdc h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 thu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng m\u00e0 b\u00e0 con g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 r\u1eebng s\u01b0ng c\u00e1t. C\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb sau 1965, r\u1eebng s\u01b0ng c\u00e1t b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc, nay s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nguy c\u1ea5p (CR – Critically Endangered<\/i>). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngo\u00e0i s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 Ca, th\u00ec lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y 6 c\u00e2y nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n t\u1ea1i x\u00f3m 3 x\u00e3 Cam H\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng, Cam Ranh v\u00e0 7 c\u00e2y \u1edf Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0, S\u00f4ng C\u1ea7u, Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, c\u00e2y chai l\u00e1 cong cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gieo 8000 c\u00e2y con ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i S\u00f4ng C\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ec9nh. C\u00e2y ra hoa v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 4 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7. C\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh 60 – 65cm, song c\u00e2y to nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 100cm, cao tr\u00ean 20m.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Cam Ranh, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ra qu\u1ea3. N\u0103m 1998 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1999 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, ri\u00eang n\u0103m 2000 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y ra hoa. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho bi\u1ec3t r\u1eebng s\u01b0ng c\u00e1t m\u1ea5y n\u0103m m\u1edbi sai qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y chai l\u00e1 cong cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i hai \u0111i\u1ec3m trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: (1) Cam H\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Ca (Cam Ranh, Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0) v\u00e0 (2) Ho\u00e0 Ph\u00fa, x\u00e3 Xu\u00e2n Ho\u00e0 (S\u00f4ng C\u1ea7u, Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean). Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo d\u00f5i ra hoa k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, thu h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3, gieo \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cho lo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngay k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cho lo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

2.4. Sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh kim c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eafng, t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Hopea cordata <\/i>J.E.Vidal, l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, cao tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 10m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 20cm. L\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng, d\u00e0i 10cm, r\u1ed9ng 4cm, g\u1ed1c h\u00ecnh tim n\u00ean lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea7u l\u00e1 th\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u01a1i nh\u1ecdn, c\u00f3 6 \u0111\u1ebfn 8 \u0111\u00f4i g\u00e2n l\u00e1, th\u01b0a g\u00e2n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi chai l\u00e1 cong. L\u00e1 c\u00e2y non th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng l\u00e1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 tim nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c nh\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5m hoa ch\u00f9m th\u01b0a m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00e1ch l\u00e1, c\u00e1nh hoa m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 5 l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0i bao b\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3 3 l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0i ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 3 l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0i trong. Qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1,5cm v\u00e0 cao 1,5cm. \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ea3 d\u1eb9t c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec9nh qu\u1ea3 thon, nh\u1ecdn. M\u00f9a qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn l\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng 8 – 9. M\u1ed7i kg qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 400 qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i.T\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t song t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng ven bi\u1ec3n: c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t. C\u00e2y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chai l\u00e1 cong (Shorea falcata<\/i>), l\u00e0u t\u00e1u (Vatica sp.),<\/i> c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu nh\u01b0 g\u1ee5 (Sindora sp<\/i>.).<\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 chai l\u00e1 cong. Qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 chai l\u00e1 cong ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam(1996) ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 M\u1ef9 Ca, nay thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Trong chuy\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t chai l\u00e1 cong t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 Cam H\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng, Cam Ranh, Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eafng – ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim (kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01b0ng d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 chai l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh cong) t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1965, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a hai lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea5u s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 chai l\u00e1 cong v\u00e0 sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim. Sau n\u00e0y r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2y sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh r\u1ea5t kho\u1ebb tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 12 – 15cm. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u00e2y ch\u1ed3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao 5m. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y \u0111ang ra c\u1ea3 hoa v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp chung. Qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u00edn r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 song \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u (Anacardium occidentale<\/i>) l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t, song c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2y sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim t\u00e1i sinh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 l\u00e1 xanh th\u1eabm, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi chai l\u00e1 cong th\u00ec l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim to h\u01a1n, phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 nh\u1eb5n h\u01a1n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00e2n l\u00e1 \u00edt h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u00ecnh tim \u1edf g\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1. Lo\u00e0i \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft khu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i hi\u1ebfm c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t, gieo \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, trong khi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn cho g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee5n c\u00e1t, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t tr\u1eafng ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n quy ho\u1ea1ch ngay m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 chai l\u00e1 cong v\u00e0 sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim t\u1ea1i x\u00f3m 3, th\u00f4n Thu\u1ef7 tri\u1ec1u, x\u00e3 Cam H\u1ea3i \u0110\u00f4ng, Cam Ranh, Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng lo\u00e0i \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 Ca (Cam Ranh) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gieo \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 mau ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ven bi\u1ec3n. Quy ho\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

III. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ed3n c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i phi lao c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u1edf chi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay khi ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c, nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n “B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng” \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, Cam Ranh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, gieo \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u1edf B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u qu\u00fd v\u00f9ng c\u00e1t ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/b><\/p>\n

– Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a, 1999. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nh\u00e0 XB NN, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 148 trang.<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc – C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 1996. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, 1996.<\/p>\n

Summary<\/h4>\n

Results of genecological survey on four rare dipterocarp species in coastal sandy areas.<\/b><\/p>\n

According surveys, among 40 dipterocarp species, there are four species that play important role in rehabilitation of forest ecosystems on sandy soil. There are Dipterocarpaceae<\/i> chartaceus<\/i>, Shorea roxburghii, Shorea falcata<\/i> and Hopea cordata. Shorea falcata<\/i> was found only in two areas: 7 individuals in Xuan Hoa (Phu Yen) and 6 ones with some coppice trees found the first time in Cam Hai Dong (Khanh Hoa). Hopea cordata<\/i> trees were discovered the first time in Cam Hai Dong. In situ<\/i> and ex situ<\/i> conservation areas have been planned for the four species.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ecd D\u1ea7u ( Diptercarpaceae ) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam\u00e1 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u1ea3i su\u1ed1t khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn Philipin, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 13 chi v\u00e0 470 lo\u00e0i. Trung t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn Campuchia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u00e0o, Th\u00e1i Lan, Myanma, \u1ea5n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ( V\u00e2n Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam ) ( Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng, 1983 ). H\u1ecd D\u1ea7u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00e2n c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 cao t\u1edbi 30-40m, v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 40 lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a 6 chi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Dipterocarpus (d\u1ea7u), Anisoptera ( v\u00ean v\u00ean), Hopea (sao), Vatica (t\u00e1u), Shorea (chai, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Pentacme – C\u1ea9m li\u00ean), Parashorea (ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=288"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19376,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288\/revisions\/19376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}