\u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u00ecnh S\u00e2m<\/i><\/b><\/p>\nVi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i><\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
1. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu<\/b><\/p>\n
R\u1eebng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i: R\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. R\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00e0: R\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, r\u1eebng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, r\u1eebng l\u00e1 kim, r\u1eebng tre, n\u1ee9a, r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 tre n\u1ee9a, r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m… \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1edbi 3 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: R\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, r\u1eebng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 theo m\u00f9a v\u00e0 r\u1eebng l\u00e1 kim (r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1). Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1995 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1eddi gian Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eadp trung ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u00ed \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed7 nh\u1eb1m khai th\u00e1c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean g\u1ed7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
Sau ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i (1954) \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb 1961 Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m ngi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng (1960-1978), nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1973) c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 thon c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng S\u1ef9 Hi\u1ec1n, X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 kinh doanh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p qui lu\u1eadt sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1980-1985 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c khai th\u00e1c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e1i sinh r\u1eebng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eadp trung l\u1edbn \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c khu IV c\u0169. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb: C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 khai th\u00e1c, lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3 khai th\u00e1c, tu\u1ed5i khai th\u00e1c, ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n ngang t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ed1n r\u1eebng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh r\u1eebng sau khai th\u00e1c… Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1ed5 sung ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qui ph\u1ea1m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 cho ng\u00e0nh (1982).<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1eabu \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khai th\u00e1c ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t n\u00ean ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1972 tr\u1edf \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn 1985 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u0103ng, r\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 g\u1ed9i, gi\u1ed5i, l\u00e1t hoa… v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u r\u1eebng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00e1n r\u1eebng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990-1995 Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e2m canh r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y sinh th\u00e1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ecdc nhanh (g\u1ed9i, gi\u1ed5i, re g\u1eebng…) tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ec1u cao b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba v\u00e0 b\u0103ng ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1i Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m x\u1ee7 l\u00fd l\u00e2m sinh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t v\u00ec s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong r\u1eebng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1eebng sau khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean B\u1ed9 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Qui ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2m sinh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho r\u1eebng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 tre n\u1ee9a (1993).<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng sau khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o hai n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu:<\/p>\n
– Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khai th\u00e1c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n
– Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i sinh r\u1eebng sau khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eadp trung th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990-1995 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, khu IV c\u0169….<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 khoanh nu\u00f4i r\u1eebng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c khoanh nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 “Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p” (1990-1995) do Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n 327 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m sinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua B\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh qui ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 khoanh nu\u00f4i x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ed5 sung (1998).<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng kh\u1ed9p \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda r\u1eebng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean II (1984-1988) l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc kinh doanh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p r\u1eebng kh\u1ed9p T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean (V\u0169 Bi\u1ec7t Linh). C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1eebng kh\u1ed9p, ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba r\u1eebng kh\u1ed9p, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng kh\u1ed9p, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eebng kh\u1ed9p, t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1eebng kh\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n
V\u1edbi th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng- M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng l\u00e1 kim r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng- \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ea5p Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc “nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kinh doanh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean” trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean II (1984-1988) v\u00e0 “Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean” (1991-1995) do Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan (Nguy\u1ec5n Ng\u1ecdc Lung). C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1, qui lu\u1eadt k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n, qui lu\u1eadt sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n (sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2y con v\u00e0 r\u1eebng non, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ec1u cao, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e1n l\u00e1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng…)<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n hai n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1edf s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n chia r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p xung y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh. Tuy v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ed5 sung trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
II. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi <\/b><\/p>\n
Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec trong 8,252 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 5,181 tri\u1ec7u ha r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh trong \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eebng gi\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 567.500 ha (11%), r\u1eebng trung b\u00ecnh 1.717.000 ha (33,1%) v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o 2.896.300 ha (55.9%). R\u1eebng gi\u1ea7u \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao, d\u1ed1c kh\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd l\u00e0 r\u1eebng trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o. Nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n
A. <\/b>Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0:<\/b><\/p>\n
1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng khai th\u00e1c c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ea5p k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u khai th\u00e1c theo lo\u00e0i, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
2. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chu\u1ea9n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
3. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
4. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n
5. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng sau khai th\u00e1c, r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n
– Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng sau khai th\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
– Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2m sinh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (khoanh nu\u00f4i, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e2y gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i, s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sinh l\u00fd, sinh th\u00e1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 m\u1ecdc nhanh v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch…)<\/p>\n
B. <\/b>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/b><\/p>\n
1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o r\u1eebng khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (khai th\u00e1c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, khai th\u00e1c l\u1eadu, khai th\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong khai th\u00e1c, v\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1eebng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u r\u1eebng, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o r\u1eebng: nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7i, l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00e3y, ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng…)<\/p>\n
2. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch) ho\u1eb7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n
3. \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau, ti\u00eau th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
C. <\/b>B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng.<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00b7 \u0110i\u1ec1u tra x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khai th\u00e1c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n
\u00b7 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00f4, nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/b><\/p>\n
1. Th\u00e1i V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng: Th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1978.<\/p>\n
2. Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u0169 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1978.<\/p>\n
3. <\/i>\u0110\u1ed3ng S\u0129 Hi\u1ec1n: C\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 thon c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng r\u1eebng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1978.<\/p>\n
4. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u1eebng<\/p>\n
Summary<\/b><\/p>\n
The main research achievements on natural forests in <\/b>Vietnam<\/b>and their study direction in the future.<\/b><\/p>\n
The main studies on natural forests in Vietnamare mentioned in the paper, especially forest vegetation classification, establishing table on studying volume. Studies on pine forest: Pinus Keysia and decidious forests of Dipterocarpaceae, evergreen broad – leaved forest on their structure, Forestcutting System (Selection System), natural generation, forest enrichment etc had been carried out.<\/p>\n
Formulation of silvicultural guidelines of Ministry based on these research results.Research direction on natural forests is paid attention to secondary forests and sustainable forest management.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
R\u1eebng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i: R\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. R\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00e0: R\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, r\u1eebng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, r\u1eebng l\u00e1 kim, r\u1eebng tre, n\u1ee9a, r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 tre n\u1ee9a, r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m… \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed7 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1edbi 3 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: R\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, r\u1eebng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 theo m\u00f9a v\u00e0 r\u1eebng l\u00e1 kim (r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng 3 l\u00e1). Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/287"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=287"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19377,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/287\/revisions\/19377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}