M\u00e1y <\/b>k\u00e9o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1…\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u1ecdnlo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y k\u00e9o v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c k\u00e8m theo, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kinh ph\u00ed th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00ea thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ” X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o “, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e1y k\u00e9o” (\u0110LMK).<\/p>\n
Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u00f4- t\u00f4 m\u00e1y k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n khi vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf \u0110LMK \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u00eau v\u00ed d\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
I. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110LMK<\/u>.<\/p>\n
1.T\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: “X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o”, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0: “\u0110LMK”<\/p>\n
2. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh: Turbo-Paskal 7.0<\/p>\n
3. Ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: M\u00e1y k\u00e9o b\u00e1nh b\u01a1m, m\u00e1y k\u00e9o x\u00edch lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
4. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n
-C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a (Na: M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c).<\/p>\n
-S\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng quay \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a (nc: V\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat)<\/p>\n
-M\u00f4 men t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (Me: KGm).<\/p>\n
-Ki\u1ec3u bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n
-T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (it).<\/p>\n
-Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y k\u00e9o (G: KG).<\/p>\n
-Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng (ht), v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00edch (hx) v\u1edbi m\u00e1y k\u00e9o x\u00edch.<\/p>\n
-H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n l\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o (fc) v\u1edbi m\u00e1y k\u00e9o x\u00edch.<\/p>\n
-S\u1ed1 r\u0103ng b\u00e1nh sao ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Z) v\u1edbi m\u00e1y k\u00e9o x\u00edch.<\/p>\n
-B\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00edch (t: mm) v\u1edbi m\u00e1y k\u00e9o x\u00edch.<\/p>\n
-B\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00e1nh xe ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Rb: m) v\u1edbi m\u00e1y k\u00e9o b\u00e1nh b\u01a1m.<\/p>\n
-H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ( d: %) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o \u1edf m\u00f3c (Pm: KG).<\/p>\n
5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb sau:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 1- S\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng quay \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 theo m\u00f4 men \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, ne = f1(Me) V\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 2- C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 theo m\u00f4 men \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, Ne = f2(Me) M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 3- Ti\u00eau hao nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u theo m\u00f4 men \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, gt = f3(Me) Kg\/gi\u1edd<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 4- V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e1y k\u00e9o theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, Vl = f4(ne) Km\/gi\u1edd<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 5- L\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c theo m\u00f4 men \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, Pm = f5(Me) KG<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 6- H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e1y k\u00e9o theo l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c, d = f6(Pm). %<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 7- V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c m\u00e1y k\u00e9o theo l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c, Vt = f7(Pm) Km\/gi\u1edd<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 8- C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c theo l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c, Nm = f8(Pm) M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 9- Chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u theo l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c, Gm = f9(Pm) Kg\/gi\u1edd<\/p>\n
II. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/u>.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c\u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong b\u1ed1n g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 tr\u1ee5c to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ec1-c\u00e1c xoy. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00f4 t\u00f4 m\u00e1y k\u00e9o,nh\u01b0ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Turbo Paskal c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
1\/ Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 1,2,3 v\u00e0 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.\u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang thay cho th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Lay-dec-man; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ebd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb g\u00f3c 3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m Lay-dec-man:<\/p>\n
Ne= Nmax[(ne\/nc).h1 + (ne\/nc)2<\/sup> .h2 – (ne\/nc)3 <\/sup>] [1]<\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n Ne: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ne t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n Nmax: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ta\u1ecb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n h1, h2: C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diezel<\/p>\n V\u00e0 c\u00f3 Me = 716,6 Ne \/ ne (KGm) [2]<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb (1):<\/p>\n ne = 0,5 { h2 . nc + [ nc 2<\/sup> (h2 + 4 h1 ) – 4 Me. nc3<\/sup> \/ 716,2 .Nmax ] 0,5 <\/sup>} <\/b>(V\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat) [3]<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb (2) v\u00e0 (3) l\u00e0:<\/p>\n Ne = ne .Me \/ 716,2<\/b> ( M\u00e3 l \u1ef1c) [4]<\/p>\n Gt = ge. Me .ne \/ 716,2<\/b> ( gam\/h ) [5]<\/p>\n 2. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 n\u00eau trong m\u1ee5c I\/5 \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Lay-dec-man Ne =”f(ne)” th\u00e0nh h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng ne =”f1(Me)” n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n 3. Khi v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng tay, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb g\u00f3c I ( tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb d) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb g\u00f3c II, III, IV b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch d\u00f3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi Turbo Pascal, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ne, Me t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n 4. \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb 6 (h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d) :<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1ecdc h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5u b\u00e1m tr\u00ean x\u00edch:<\/p>\n d<\/b> = <\/b>h<\/b>. Pm \/ C .Fb .l<\/b> [6]<\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n h: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5u x\u00edch tr\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n C : H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t.(KG\/ m3)<\/p>\n Fb : T\u1ed5ng h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngang m\u00e1y k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5u x\u00edch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t (m2).<\/p>\n l : Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i x\u00edch tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t (m).<\/p>\n Pm : L\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c k\u00e9o (KG)<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t dn\u00eau tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi m\u00e1y k\u00e9o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 C, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t h.<\/p>\n C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t dtheo l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c Pm thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn (tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m) s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1eb1ng tay r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 (file th\u1ee9 hai) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t file th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 file d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d t\u1eeb file th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u db\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c hay b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n III. L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 logic v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ch\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110LMK<\/u><\/p>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 logic s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110LMK \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd 1. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Vl, l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o ta\u1ecb m\u00f3c Pm, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c Vt, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o Nm, chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang theo l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c Gm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd cho 3 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o do ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Trong l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f2n ghi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i Runtine trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o sai v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o g\u00e2y ra m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Pm < 0, tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ki\u1ec3u khai b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n IV.S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110LMK<\/u><\/p>\n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110LMK c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y k\u00e9o c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o, c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 Catalo k\u00e8m theo m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110LMK c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed khi mua s\u1eafm m\u00e1y k\u00e9o m\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh “\u0110LMK” \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o x\u00edch trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, xin \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y k\u00e9o d\u00f9ng trong chu\u1ea9n bi \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng; S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ngm\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 n\u0103m tri\u1ec7u hec ta c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai tr\u1ecdc, khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, m\u00e1y k\u00e9o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u00e0 san \u1ee7i th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc thang, c\u1ea7y to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7y ng\u1ea7m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t hoang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chai c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ong ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, men theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c ngang tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 15 0<\/sup>.<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hai \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o T 100 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y k\u00e9o DT 75 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean<\/p>\n C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1edbi hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean n\u00eau trong bi\u1ec3u sau:<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb T 100 v\u00e0 DT 75<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 ba<\/td>\n S\u1ed1 2: 48,6<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 3: 40,7<\/td>\n S\u1ed1 2: 41.6<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 3: 37.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n <\/p>\n Ch\u00fa th\u00edch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb:<\/u><\/i>Vl,Vt: V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e1y k\u00e9o (Km\/gi\u1edd); b: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t (%); Gt,Gm: chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o (Kg\/gi\u1edd); Ne,Nm: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5c c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c k\u00e9o (KG); ne: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ee5c c\u01a1 (v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat); Pm: l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1i m\u00f3c k\u00e9o (KG); Me: M\u00f4 men t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5c c\u01a1 (KG.m).<\/i><\/p>\n ne = 0,5 { h2. nc + [ nc 2<\/sup> (h2 + 4 h1 ) – 4 Me. nc3<\/sup> \/ 716,2 .Nmax ] 0,5 <\/sup>}<\/p>\n -V\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb: Ne = ne .Me \/ 716,2<\/p>\n -V\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb: Gt = ge. Me .ne \/716,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1nh b\u01a1m Vl =”0,377.Rb.ne\/it”<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n V\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb: d= f6 (Pm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n T\u00ednh: ne= 0,5 {h2 .nc +[ nc 2<\/sup> (h2 + 4 h1 )- 4 Me. nc3 <\/sup>\/716,2 .Nmax] 0,5 <\/sup>}<\/p>\n V\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb: Vt =”(0,06″ .Z.t \/it ). ne.(1- d) ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1nh b\u01a1m Vt=”0,377.Rt\/.ne.(1-b)\/it”<\/p>\n V\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb: Nm= Vt . Pm<\/p>\n V\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb: Gm = ge . Me . ne \/ 716.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/p>\n H\u00ecnh 1: L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh 2:<\/p>\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y k\u00e9o x\u00edch T 100 v\u00e0 DT 75.<\/p>\n Drawing dynamics chart of tractor<\/b><\/p>\n Summary<\/p>\n Dynamics characteristic is a technical standard for studying tractor. A simple programme is used by the author to draw dynamics charts of a tractor.<\/p>\n This programme may be use for some kinds of tractor that are being use in our country.<\/p>\n ****************************************<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M\u00e1y k\u00e9o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee3i, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1…\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u1ecdnlo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y k\u00e9o v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c k\u00e8m theo, v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kinh ph\u00ed th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00ea thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi: Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201c X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y k\u00e9o \u201d, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e1y k\u00e9o\u201d (\u0110LMK).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=278"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19386,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278\/revisions\/19386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n\n
\n Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/td>\n T\u00ean s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/td>\n T 100<\/td>\n DT 75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 1<\/td>\n C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>\n M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c<\/td>\n 108<\/td>\n 80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2<\/td>\n T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110.c\u01a1 t\u1ea1i C.su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i<\/td>\n V\u00f2ng \/ Ph<\/td>\n 1070<\/td>\n 1800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 3<\/td>\n Su\u1ea5t ti\u00eau hao nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang<\/td>\n G \/ Ml.gi\u1edd<\/td>\n 175<\/td>\n 180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 4<\/td>\n Ki\u1ec3u bu\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1y<\/td>\n <\/td>\n Xo\u00e1y l\u1ed1c<\/td>\n Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 5<\/td>\n T\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ed5ng: S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n <\/td>\n S\u1ed1 1: 77,8<\/p>\n S\u1ed1 1: 46.4<\/p>\n \n 6<\/td>\n Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t Tr.\u0111\u1ed9ng x H.su\u1ea5t x\u00edch<\/td>\n <\/td>\n 0.85 x 0,95<\/td>\n 0,85 * 0.95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 7<\/td>\n S\u1ed1 r\u0103ng \/ b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00edch<\/td>\n \/ m\u00e9t<\/td>\n 13 \/ 0,22<\/td>\n 13 \/ 0,18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 8<\/td>\n Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y k\u00e9o<\/td>\n KG<\/td>\n 13 000<\/td>\n 5 910<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 9<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3n l\u0103n<\/td>\n <\/td>\n 0.13<\/td>\n 0,13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n V\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n \n B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\n
\n V\u1ebd h\u1ec7 tr\u1ee5c t\u1ecd\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n -V\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb:<\/p>\n \n\n
\n V\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb: Vl = (0,06 .Z. t \/ it) . ne<\/p>\n \n\n
\n T\u00ednh c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u suy d\u1eabn:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n V\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb: Pm = (Me . it .ht . hx \/ Rs ) – f. G<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n\n
\n \u0110\u1ecdc d\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Pm t\u1eeb file D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n \n\n
\n T\u00ednh: Me= Rs. ( f. G + Pm) \/ (it .ht. hx)<\/p>\n \n\n
\n \n K\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n