{"id":210,"date":"2009-03-24T03:40:16","date_gmt":"2005-04-19T04:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/04\/19\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-song-mat\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T09:51:41","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T02:51:41","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-cay-song-mat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-cay-song-mat\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y song m\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Song m\u1eadt<\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Calamus platyacanthus<\/em> Warb. ex Becc<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd: Cau (Arecaceae)<\/p>\n

1. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Song m\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00e2n leo, th\u00e2n kh\u00ed sinh m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e2y, c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n kh\u00ed sinh.Th\u00e2n kh\u00ed sinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i 30-40m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn 100m \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u1eebng gi\u00e0. Th\u00e2n kh\u00ed sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao 4-5m th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 leo l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n. Th\u00e2n kh\u00ed sinh chia l\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t, l\u00f3ng d\u00e0i 10-25cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 2,5-4cm, \u0111\u1ed1t h\u01a1i n\u1ed5i. Th\u00e2n kh\u00ed sinh khi non m\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng ng\u00e0, khi gi\u00e0 m\u1ea7u xanh x\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh, ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1eb9 l\u00e1 d\u00e0y m\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng hay v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, ph\u00eda gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i sinh ra th\u00e2n kh\u00ed sinh. Th\u00e2n ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0103n n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. \u1edf c\u00e2y 6-7 tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ed3i m\u1ea7m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u1edbn, ch\u1ed3i cong v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean s\u00e1t v\u1edbi c\u00e2y m\u1eb9. R\u1ec5 Song m\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i r\u1ec5 ch\u00f9m, m\u1ecdc xung quanh th\u00e2n ng\u1ea7m, kh\u00e1 m\u1eadp, ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf m\u1ec1m m\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng ng\u00e0, b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 l\u00f5i c\u1ee9ng m\u1ea7u \u0111en, r\u1ec5 c\u1ea5p hai k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n, khi m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m l\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh kim nh\u1ecdn, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y 1-2 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 ch\u1ebb s\u00e2u th\u00e0nh hai thu\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00fam l\u00f4ng t\u00edm, d\u00e0i 15-20cm r\u1ed9ng 8-10 cm; \u1edf c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh l\u00e1 x\u1ebb l\u00f4ng chim, g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 d\u1eeba, d\u00e0i 2,5m, mang 20-38 thu\u1ef3 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e1 c\u00f3 roi d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u vu\u1ed1t d\u00f9ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean cao. Thu\u1ef3 l\u00e1 m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m 2-6 thu\u1ef3 l\u00e1, c\u00e1ch nhau 15-20cm, h\u00ecnh thu\u1eabn, d\u00e0i 40cm r\u1ed9ng 7cm, m\u00e9p c\u00f3 gai, m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gai m\u1ea3nh. B\u1eb9 l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng m\u1ea7u xanh bao ngo\u00e0i, th\u00e2n kh\u00ed c\u00e2y non b\u1eb9 l\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng gai, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2-3 tu\u1ed5i, b\u1eb9 l\u00e1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 gai v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean b\u1eb9 l\u00e1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gai to m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng, m\u1ecdc l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda g\u1ed1c. B\u1eb9 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y non kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khu\u1ef7u, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 khu\u1ef7u l\u1edbn m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng. Th\u00eca l\u00eca \u1edf l\u00e1 non h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, cao 4cm tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng hung, ph\u00eda g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 gai. Khi l\u00e1 gi\u00e0, th\u00eca l\u00eca b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch ra, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i mang l\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Song m\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u01a1n t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c g\u1ed1c, hoa \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 hoa c\u00e1i \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau. Hoa t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh b\u00f4ng mo ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u. Hoa m\u1eabu 3, 6 nh\u1ecb, c\u1ee5m hoa c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 20 hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3. Qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng, cu\u1ed1ng m\u1eadp, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 18x12mm, mang 18 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea9y d\u1eb9p, khi non m\u1ea7u xanh, khi gi\u00e0 m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t; c\u00f9i m\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb chua. H\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i xoan hay b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, h\u01a1i d\u1eb9t \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1ee5ng, v\u1ecf h\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, m\u1ea7u n\u00e2u \u0111en.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i <\/strong><\/p>\n

2.1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Mianma, Malaysia, Th\u00e1i Lan, Indonesia. . .<\/p>\n

Song m\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1edbi g\u1eb7p Song m\u1eadt t\u1eeb H\u00e0 T\u0129nh tr\u1edf ra, g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf L\u00e0o Cai, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, Lai Ch\u00e2u, Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh. Song m\u1eadt m\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 100-1000m. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 20-250<\/sup>C, L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1500-2500mm.<\/p>\n

Song m\u1eadt \u01b0a s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9m, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t feralit v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean n\u00fai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t phong ho\u00e1 tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch, sa th\u1ea1ch, granit ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, pH t\u1eeb h\u01a1i chua \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00ednh. Song M\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1, ven v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc khe \u1ea9m, lu\u00f4n v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1n r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

2.2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, sinh s\u1ea3n:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u (d\u01b0\u1edbi 10 tu\u1ed5i) c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm, khi \u0111\u00e3 “c\u00f3 ng\u1ecdn” th\u00ec sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00f2n non k\u00e9m ch\u1ecbu r\u00e9t, m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e2y m\u1ea1 g\u1eb7p s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi 130<\/sup>C c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y 8-10 tu\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,5-2m v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ra hoa, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Hoa n\u1edf th\u00e1ng 4-5, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng 10-11.D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng r\u1eadm ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y m\u1ea1 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p c\u00e2y con t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, Song m\u1eadt t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che 0,3-0,4 hay ven su\u1ed1i, ven r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Song m\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eb9, d\u1ebbo, b\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 cho nhu c\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Ngo\u00e0i ra Song m\u1eadt c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf, thay th\u1ebf d\u00e2y c\u00e1p l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u treo nh\u1ecf cho v\u00f9ng n\u00fai, c\u1ed1n b\u00e8 m\u1ea3ng. Song m\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i song m\u00e2y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

4. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

4.1. T\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

* S\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/em>: B\u00f9i Kim B\u00ecnh, V\u0169 V\u0103n D\u0169ng, Tr\u1ea7n Quang Vi\u1ec7t, Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Song m\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng axit sulfuric n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 3-8% trong th\u1eddi gian 5 ph\u00fat sau \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i \u0111em gieo cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m cao nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng 40-450<\/sup>C (2 s\u00f4i, 3 l\u1ea1nh) trong 12 ti\u1ebfng , r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch chua r\u1ed3i \u0111em gieo c\u0169ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

* Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m:<\/em> C\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u00e0n che v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao 0,5m, \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che l\u00e0 0,5 – 0,7. C\u00e2y m\u1ea1 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Sau khi c\u00e2y b\u00e9n r\u1ec5, c\u1ee9 10 ng\u00e0y 1 l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m (0,05%) ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i pha lo\u00e3ng 10 ng\u00e0y 1 l\u1ea7n cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa \u00fd theo d\u00f5i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ee7a Song m\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ed1i nh\u0169n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5. Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n nh\u1ed5 b\u1ecf c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 phun thu\u1ed1c Validacine n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 2% h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

* T\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/em>: \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con Song m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nu\u1ed1i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

4.2. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n Quang Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y con \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y con<\/strong><\/td>\nK\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

H (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng sau 6 th\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sau 9 th\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/td>\nSau 15 th\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nP.l\u00e1 (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nH (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nP.l\u00e1 (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i<\/td>\n14.5<\/td>\n71<\/td>\n32.45<\/td>\n22.07<\/td>\n57.01<\/td>\n27.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i<\/td>\n38.2<\/td>\n92<\/td>\n58.43<\/td>\n31.02<\/td>\n62.02<\/td>\n33.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y 2 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao tr\u00ean 35cm th\u00ec Song m\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Kim v\u00e0 L\u01b0u Qu\u1ed1c Th\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Song m\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed3ng Song m\u1eadt 2 tu\u1ed5i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che 0,4. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/td>\nSinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Khi tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/td>\nSau 6 th\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/td>\nSau 18 th\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nChi\u1ec1u cao (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u00e0i phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nChi\u1ec1u cao (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u00e0i phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nChi\u1ec1u cao (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u00e0i phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ed3ng 1 c\u00e2y\/h\u1ed1<\/td>\n1.07<\/td>\n33.62<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n1.33<\/td>\n38.56<\/td>\n31.2<\/td>\n2.4<\/td>\n78.7<\/td>\n47.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ed3ng 2 c\u00e2y \/h\u1ed1<\/td>\n1.07<\/td>\n33.62<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n1.08<\/td>\n33.53<\/td>\n27.2<\/td>\n2.1<\/td>\n51.7<\/td>\n34.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e2y 2 tu\u1ed5i khi \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u1ed3ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y 1 h\u1ed1, tr\u00e1nh tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng h\u1ed1 g\u00e2y c\u1ea1nh tranh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Song m\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u0103m 1993<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u0103m 1994<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u0103m 1995<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H (cm)<\/td>\n0.4<\/p>\n

0.7<\/td>\n

19.48<\/p>\n

24.68<\/td>\n

37.3<\/p>\n

34.25<\/td>\n

45.37<\/p>\n

41.26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 (cm)<\/td>\n0.4<\/p>\n

0.7<\/td>\n

21.77<\/p>\n

21.59<\/td>\n

33.23<\/p>\n

27.96<\/td>\n

34.2<\/p>\n

33.32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Quang Vi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Song m\u1eadt \u1edf t\u00e0n tre kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\n9 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\n15 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nP.l\u00e1 (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nH (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nP.l\u00e1 (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nH (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\nP.l\u00e1 (cm)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u1ea7u Hai<\/p>\n

T\u00e0n che 0.6-0.7<\/td>\n

18.2<\/td>\n17.1<\/td>\n32.45<\/td>\n22.07<\/td>\n56.88<\/td>\n26.91<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ba R\u1ec1n<\/p>\n

T\u00e0n che 0.3-0.4<\/p>\n

T\u00e0n che 0.6-0.7<\/td>\n

26.08<\/p>\n

30.91<\/td>\n

24.39<\/p>\n

24.98<\/td>\n

39.05<\/p>\n

46.53<\/td>\n

25.44<\/p>\n

26.73<\/td>\n

51.34<\/p>\n

51.65<\/td>\n

34.85<\/p>\n

27.95<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01a1n<\/p>\n

T\u00e0n che 0.5<\/td>\n

17.0<\/td>\n16.5<\/td>\n29.8<\/td>\n24.1<\/td>\n44.5<\/td>\n26.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y Song m\u1eadt sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u1edf t\u00e1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y r\u1eebng r\u1ee5ng l\u1ea5p ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y. Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 1-2 n\u0103m ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf s\u00e1ng cho c\u00e2y, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che xu\u1ed1ng 0,3-0,4 th\u00ec Song m\u1eadt m\u1edbi sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

* Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng<\/em>: Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd trong 1-2 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t d\u00e2y leo, c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, nh\u1eb7t l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng l\u1ea5p ng\u1ecdn, s\u1edbi nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c, tr\u00e1nh l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

4.3. Khai th\u00e1c.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay Song m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khai th\u00e1c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khai th\u00e1c Song m\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00fa \u00fd khi khai th\u00e1c Song m\u1eadt l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

+ Ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ecdn t\u1eebng c\u00e2y, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb 5m tr\u1edf l\u00ean<\/p>\n

+ Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a kh\u00f4<\/p>\n

+ Ch\u1eb7t s\u00e1t g\u1ed1c, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ng\u1ecdn l\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u00f3c h\u1ebft b\u1eb9 l\u00e1 tr\u00ean th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

+ Hong ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, s\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

5. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Song m\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7. Song m\u1eadt trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

– Song m\u1eadt l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Thanh Ho\u00e1, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Kon Tum, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao, \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,5, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t phong ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i c\u00f3 pH h\u01a1i chua \u0111\u1ebfn trung t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

– N\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y con 2 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao tr\u00ean 30cm.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng Song m\u1eadt v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf n\u01a1i ven su\u1ed1i, v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng Song m\u1eadt v\u1edbi qui m\u00f4 l\u1edbn d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn r\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y t\u00e1n th\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 0,5; g\u1ea7n h\u1ed3, su\u1ed1i. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00e1 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h1>\n

1. B\u1ed9 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gieo tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y Song m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

2. C\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, 2002, K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n r\u1eebng – Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

3. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Kim, L\u01b0u Qu\u1ed1c Th\u00e0nh, 2002, Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng song m\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u00e2y n\u1ebfp d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i. (B\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u01a1 k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i)<\/p>\n

4. V\u0169 V\u0103n D\u0169ng, L\u00ea Huy C\u01b0\u1eddng, 1996, G\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e2y song. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1eed Kim<\/em><\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7nKhoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Song m\u1eadt là cây thân leo, thân khí sinh m\u1ecdc thành c\u1ee5m nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ít cây, có c\u1ee5m ch\u1ec9 có m\u1ed9t thân khí sinh.Thân khí sinh không phân nhánh, có th\u1ec3 dài 30-40m, th\u1eadm chí \u0111\u1ebfn 100m \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u1eebng già. Thân khí sinh có th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao 4-5m thì c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 leo lên cao h\u01a1n. Thân khí sinh chia lóng và \u0111\u1ed1t, lóng dài 10-25cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kính 2,5-4cm, \u0111\u1ed1t h\u01a1i n\u1ed5i. Thân khí sinh khi non m\u1ea7u tr\u1eafng ngà, khi già m\u1ea7u xanh xám.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19233,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210\/revisions\/19233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}