{"id":172,"date":"2009-03-24T03:17:31","date_gmt":"2005-04-08T02:12:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/04\/08\/nghien-cuu-lai-giong-mot-so-loai-tram-melaleuca-sp\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T09:55:10","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T02:55:10","slug":"nghien-cuu-lai-giong-mot-so-loai-tram-melaleuca-sp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/nghien-cuu-lai-giong-mot-so-loai-tram-melaleuca-sp\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m (Melaleuca sp.)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t C\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m (<em>Melaleuca sp.<\/em>) trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y tr\u00e0m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eeba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khi tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 pH ax\u00edt (3 &#8211; 4) (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long), v\u1eeba \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 pH ki\u1ec1m (7,5) (n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i Ninh B\u00ecnh), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp ph\u00e8n theo m\u00f9a v\u00f9ng T\u1ee9 Gi\u00e1c Long Xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc Ba V\u00ec (H\u00e0 T\u00e2y) hay v\u00f9ng b\u00e1n ng\u1eadp l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 Thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e2y tr\u00e0m \u0111ang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng cho v\u00f9ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ecf l\u0103n c\u1ecf l\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00e1n ng\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng lai \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p quan t\u00e2m. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng lai trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai v\u1ec1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y lai v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 (Shull, 1911; Gyorfey, 1960; Snyder, 1972). Nh\u1edd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n lai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng th\u00e2m canh m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Brazil, Congo\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 40 &#8211; 80m<sup>3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m ( Davidson, 1998).<\/p>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lai cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lai m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf lai v\u1ec1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<h1>I. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h1>\n<p><strong><em>1. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng trong lai gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 <em>Melaleuca lencadendra<\/em> thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Weipa (L19, L21,L20, L9), proserpine Mackay (L2, L16, L17, L6, L7), Rifle Creek (L26, L12, L18), St. Lawrence (L4, L11, L15, L24, L25), Bensbach PNG (L39) <em>M. viridilflora<\/em> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Weipa (V43), <em>M. quinquenervia<\/em> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Mt. Molloy (Q40, Q41), <em>M. cajuputi<\/em> xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 U Minh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ki\u00ean Giang (Ca31, Ca33), S\u00f4ng Tr\u1eb9m C\u00e0 Mau (Ca38), V\u0129nh H\u01b0ng- Long An (Ca44).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (20 &#8211; 30<sup>OC<\/sup>) v\u00e0 -30<sup>OC<\/sup>. S\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m (%) h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m sau 24 gi\u1edd trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng do Pryor \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t (Van Wyk, 1981). T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Stanleyv\u00e0 Linskens (1974).<\/p>\n<p>Lai gi\u1ed1ng (th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t) theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Moncur (1995), g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p lai c\u00f9ng lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 (intraspecific hybrid) v\u00e0 lai kh\u00e1c lo\u00e0i (interspecific hybrid).<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m theo William v\u00e0 Matheson (1994). M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 6660c\u00e2y\/ha, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng (1,5 x 1)m, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n 1kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng + 0,2kg ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n nung ch\u1ea3y cho m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o (30 x 30 x 30)cm. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh DATAPLUS, GENSTAT (Williams &amp; Matheson, 1994).<\/p>\n<h2>II. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00e0m lai<\/h2>\n<p><strong><em>1. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1edf hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong lai gi\u1ed1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1edf hoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Tr\u00e0m lencadendra (<em>Melaleuca leucadendra<\/em>) Tr\u00e0m cajuputi ( <em>Melaleuca cajuputi<\/em>), Tr\u00e0m viridiflora (<em>Melaleuca viridiflora<\/em>) tr\u00e0mquinquenervia (<em>Melaleuca quinquenervia)<\/em> \u1edf 2 d\u1ea1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai v\u00e0 ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f9a cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian n\u1edf hoa v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f9a \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3u b\u00e1n ng\u1eadp \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i Ninh B\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ra hoa v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quanh n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hoa n\u1edf r\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e0m cajuputi, Tr\u00e0m leucadendra v\u00e0 Tr\u00e0m quinquenervia t\u1eadp trung 2 \u0111\u1ee3t l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 3- 4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 8 \u2014 9 c\u00f2n Tr\u00e0m viridiflora l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 1-2 v\u00e0 5 \u2014 6, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc \u1edf Ba V\u00ec &#8211; H\u00e0 T\u00e2y, Tr\u00e0m Leucadendra ch\u1ec9 ra hoa m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11-12. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp t\u00ednh n\u1edf hoa c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m (<em>Melaleuca sp<\/em>.) sau khi l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng silicagel \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 25 &#8211; 30<sup>oC<\/sup> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef trong 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau: 20- 30<sup>OC<\/sup> v\u00e0 -30<sup>OC<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf b\u1ea3ng 1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y khi c\u1ea5t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong ph\u00f2ng 20 &#8211; 30<sup>OC<\/sup> th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 sau 1 tu\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e0m leucadendra v\u00e0 Tr\u00e0m cajuputi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u (c\u00f2n 8,8% \u2014 6,2%), \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m. \u1edfnhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 -30<sup>OC<\/sup> h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e0m leucadendra sau 1 n\u0103m c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m 14,2% (t\u1eeb 83,8% xu\u1ed1ng 69,4%), sau 3 n\u0103m c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao 54,6% (B\u1ea3ng 1). C\u00f2n Tr\u00e0m cajuputi sau 1 n\u0103m c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m 8,4% (t\u1eeb 76,2% xu\u1ed1ng 67,8%), sau 3 n\u0103m t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n 50,4% ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba so v\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u (B\u1ea3ng 1). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n tr\u00e0m l\u00e0 -30<sup>OC<\/sup> .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nghi&ecirc;n c\u1ee9u tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c&aacute;c lo&agrave;i tr&agrave;m (Melaleuca sp.) trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111&acirc;y cho th\u1ea5y c&acirc;y tr&agrave;m c&oacute; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th&iacute;ch nghi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh&iacute; h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh kh&ocirc;ng thua k&eacute;m b\u1ea1ch \u0111&agrave;n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th&iacute;ch nghi c\u1ee7a ch&uacute;ng v\u1eeba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khi tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c&oacute; pH ax&iacute;t (3 &#8211; 4) (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s&ocirc;ng C\u1eedu Long), v\u1eeba \u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c&oacute; pH ki\u1ec1m (7,5) (n&uacute;i \u0111&aacute; v&ocirc;i Ninh B&igrave;nh), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp ph&egrave;n theo m&ugrave;a v&ugrave;ng T\u1ee9 Gi&aacute;c Long Xuy&ecirc;n \u0111\u1ebfn v&ugrave;ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc Ba V&igrave; (H&agrave; T&acirc;y) hay v&ugrave;ng b&aacute;n ng\u1eadp l&ograve;ng h\u1ed3 Thu\u1ef7 \u0111i\u1ec7n Ho&agrave; B&igrave;nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=172"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19241,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/172\/revisions\/19241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}