{"id":161,"date":"2005-07-16T05:16:34","date_gmt":"2005-04-08T01:57:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/04\/08\/ky-thuat-trong-thong-duoi-ngua\/"},"modified":"2019-09-24T11:14:54","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T04:14:54","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-thong-duoi-ngua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-thong-duoi-ngua\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i ng\u1ef1a"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: Th\u00f4ng m\u00e3 v\u0129, Th\u00f4ng t\u00e0u, Th\u00f4ng hai l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Pinus massoniana <\/i>Lamb.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd: Th\u00f4ng [Pinaceae (Abietaceae<\/i>)]<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn cao 25-35m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c t\u1edbi 50cm, xanh quanh n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecf m\u00e0u n\u00e2u bong th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3ng, \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t, ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c m\u00e0u n\u00e2u th\u1eabm, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 m\u00e0u xanh th\u1eabm t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u01a1i r\u1ee7 xu\u1ed1ng. L\u00e1 kim g\u1ed3m hai l\u00e1 (c\u00f3 khi 3-4 l\u00e1) d\u00e0i 15-20cm c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c bao chung trong m\u1ed9t b\u1eb9 d\u00e0i 1cm.<\/p>\n

Hoa ra th\u00e1ng 3-4. Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng 10-11 n\u0103m sau. Chuk\u1ef3 sai qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 2-3 n\u0103m. Qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng d\u00e0i 4-7cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 2,5-4,0cm. \u0110\u1ea7u v\u1ea3y qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh thoi c\u00f3 g\u1edd ngang, n\u00fam l\u1ed3i. H\u1ea1t m\u00e0u x\u00e1m n\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng 1,5mm d\u00e0i 3,0mm, c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i 1,0-1,3cm.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, l\u00fac nh\u1ecf (d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 tu\u1ed5i) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m nh\u1eb9, t\u00e1n th\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh. H\u1ec7 r\u1ec5 \u0103n s\u00e2u, r\u1ec5 c\u00e1m c\u00f3 n\u1ea5m c\u1ed9ng sinh. Sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9 pH = 4,5-5,5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c b\u00ec sim mua, t\u1ebf gu\u1ed9t. \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m, m\u1ecfng l\u1edbp \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 300-400m v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi 19-200<\/sup> v\u0129 B\u1eafc c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm, cong queo v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb s\u00e2u r\u00f3m \u0103n l\u00e1. \u0110\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 m\u00f9n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n. S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai tr\u1ecdc feralit ngh\u00e8o x\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n t\u1ea7ng m\u1eb7t m\u1ecfng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 l\u1eabn, chua nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y th\u1ea5p, m\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t \u00fang, b\u00ed, ki\u1ec1m, m\u1eb7n, v\u00f4i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u1ec1 sau ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m. Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. H\u1ec7 r\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, r\u1ec5 c\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n s\u00e2u 4-5m, r\u1ec5 ngang \u0103n r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u1ec1n sinh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh. Trong kho\u1ea3ng 3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm, sau 4-5 n\u0103m d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nhanh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ebfn 20 n\u0103m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n

\u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ecb s\u00e2u \u0103n l\u00e1 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, th\u00ec gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong 5-10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trung b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 0,5-1m\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t. Trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m, c\u00e2y con d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i. R\u1eebng th\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i ng\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/h1>\n

M\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 600-800m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb 13-200<\/sup>C. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1945 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, Cao B\u1eb1ng, B\u1eafc Th\u00e1i, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, B\u1eafc Giang. C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u \u0103n l\u00e1 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 230<\/sup>C v\u00e0 1500m tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf<\/h1>\n

G\u1ed7 nh\u1eb9 (t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,390-0,490) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eafc, \u00edt n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb, d\u1ec5 c\u01b0a x\u1ebb, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau khi ng\u00e2m t\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0 v\u1eb9t, tr\u1ee5 m\u1ecf, c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n,\u2026.Tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ecdt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i b\u1ec1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 62% xenlul\u00f4 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y bao b\u00ec v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y b\u00e1o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ee3i d\u1ec7t. C\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i \u0111un t\u1ed1t. L\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u00e1n s\u1ee3i \u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch \u00e2m. Nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ebf c\u00f4l\u00f4phan v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1n, d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gieo tr\u1ed3ng<\/h1>\n

H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng: <\/i><\/p>\n

Thu h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y 15-40 tu\u1ed5i khi qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, v\u1ea3y qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00e2u ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u1ee9t t\u00e1ch ra.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t t\u00e1ch ra, thu h\u1ea1t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 tho\u00e1ng 2-3 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 35-40 kg qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1kg h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 80000-85000 h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4, k\u00edn v\u00e0 m\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m h\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 6-8%. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 l\u1ecd thu\u1ef7 tinh, chum, h\u0169 s\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c t\u00fai nil\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn trong c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 4-6% v\u00f4i c\u1ee5c theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ef1ng trong t\u00fai v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con<\/i>:<\/p>\n

V\u1ecf b\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng P.E r\u1ed9ng 6-7cm, cao 11-12cm, th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

Ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 75% \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ebf gu\u1ed9t + 5-10% \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n th\u00f4ng + 5-10% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng \u1ee7 hoai +1% supe l\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (% theo tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ebf gu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ef1c b\u00ec c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, c\u1ecf, lau l\u00e1ch hay \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh, pH 4,5-5,0.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m 35-400<\/sup>C c\u00f3 ho\u00e0 suph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,5% ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1\/1000 trong 5-6 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb n\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

\u1ee7 h\u1ea1t trong bao t\u1ea3i r\u1eeda chua h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, khi n\u1ee9t nanh \u0111em gieo tr\u00ean khay, h\u00f2m \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed1ng gieo.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m d\u00e0i 0,5-1cm \u0111em c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp s\u00edt tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 1m t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m. N\u01a1i n\u1eafng g\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eafm r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e2y b\u1ecf m\u0169 th\u00ec g\u1ee1 r\u00e0ng ra. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb chim, g\u00e0, chu\u1ed9t, ki\u1ebfn \u0103n ho\u1eb7c tha h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i ng\u1ef1a d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh r\u01a1m l\u00e1 do n\u1ea5m Cecospora pini densifarae v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i n\u00ean c\u1ea7n phun ph\u00f2ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi theo quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y con \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

Tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 4-6 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i, chi\u1ec1u cao: 10-15cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5: 2,0-3,0mm, c\u00f3 l\u00e1 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 n\u1ea5m c\u1ed9ng sinh \u1edf r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo \u01b0\u01a1m ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng. \u1edf L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh th\u01b0\u1eddng gieo v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 v\u00e0 12 ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 1-2.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng:<\/i>V\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh d\u1ecdc bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Trung \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 500-700m tr\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai th\u1ea5p ph\u00eda B\u1eafc t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e2u, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ef1c b\u00ec sim mua, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc m\u1ecfng l\u1edbp, x\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1 ong ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c theo b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng 1-2m. N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, d\u1ed1c nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 san \u1ee7i b\u1eadc thang, c\u1ea7y cu\u1ed1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng 30x30x30cm.<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 2500-3300 c\u00e2y\/ha.<\/p>\n

Khi tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9 b\u1ecf b\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u1ec7n ch\u1eb7t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi sau sau ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ebb theo h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c theo b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Gieo h\u1ea1t, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y \u01b0\u01a1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a. C\u00e2y con th\u01b0\u1eddng gieo nu\u00f4i th\u1eb3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed3ng do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i gieo v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p sao cho l\u00fac m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc c\u00e2y \u00edt b\u1ecb c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i l\u1ea5n \u00e1t. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a d\u1ea7n cho c\u00e2y lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kho\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ed1i h\u1ea1t, ch\u1ebft r\u1ee5i m\u1ea1, l\u1edf c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5, \u0111en r\u1ec5,\u2026 do n\u1ea5m Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia g\u00e2y n\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong 90 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfu m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p r\u00e9t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u00edm l\u00e1, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. Ngo\u00e0i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, b\u1ec7nh t\u00edm l\u00e1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do c\u00e2y b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu l\u00e2n, cho n\u00ean b\u00f3n l\u00f3t v\u00e0 th\u00fac v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y xanh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edbt n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y \u1edf t\u1ea7ng B, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t hun l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 h\u1ea1t l\u00fac gieo.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 3-4), l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh th\u00e1ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi 15-200<\/sup>C, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean 30-50mm v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 10 ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u01b0a, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u01b0a ph\u00f9n, v\u00e0 h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 5-6), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 thu (th\u00e1ng 8). Tranh th\u1ee7 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e2y ch\u01b0a ra l\u1ed9c non m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ec5 tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n. Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ec5 tr\u1ea7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3 r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ecb s\u00e2u \u0103n l\u00e1. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c DDT v\u00e0 666 b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 phun gi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u00f3m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t k\u00e9n, nh\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch gieo th\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1t l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h1>\n

Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u0103ng tr\u1eafng, b\u0103ng xanh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng \u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c canh ph\u00f2ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb, d\u1eadp t\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u1ed5 d\u1ecbch s\u00e2u r\u00f3m th\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u00e1.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng non \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong 3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: 2-3 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai: nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba: 1 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

Trong kho\u1ea3ng 3-5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2y m\u1edbi m\u1ecdc, ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ec9a m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec1u, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1ec9a b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y trong t\u1eebng h\u1ed1 n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Khai th\u00e1c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h1>\n

Sau 15 n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5 m\u1ecf, b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y. Sau 25-30 n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Ph\u00f2ng KHKHTH<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn cao 25-35m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c t\u1edbi 50cm, xanh quanh n\u0103m. <\/p>\n

V\u1ecf m\u00e0u n\u00e2u bong th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3ng, \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t, ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c m\u00e0u n\u00e2u th\u1eabm, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=161"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19125,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161\/revisions\/19125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}