{"id":150,"date":"2009-03-24T03:17:14","date_gmt":"2005-04-15T16:39:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.dungnq.local\/2005\/04\/15\/nhung-nhan-to-dau-vao-cho-phat-trien-lam-nghiep-co-su-tham-gia-cua-cong-dong-thon-ban\/"},"modified":"2019-09-25T09:55:38","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T02:55:38","slug":"nhung-nhan-to-dau-vao-cho-phat-trien-lam-nghiep-co-su-tham-gia-cua-cong-dong-thon-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/nhung-nhan-to-dau-vao-cho-phat-trien-lam-nghiep-co-su-tham-gia-cua-cong-dong-thon-ban\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><em>Ho\u00e0ng Li\u00ean S\u01a1n, Cao L\u00e2m Anh <\/em><\/h2>\n<p><em>Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi &#8220;gi\u00e1m h\u1ed9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng&#8221; (guardians of the forest), thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng vai tr\u00f2 h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n r\u1eebng (FAO 1978; Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 1978 d\u1eabn t\u1eeb Wiersum). M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1eebng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90, d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0: L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Forestry for community development), Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Community forest management), L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Community forestry), L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Social forestry), Khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e2m (Forestry Extension), v\u00e0 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n (Village forestry). Theo \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong th\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 S\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (c\u1ea5p th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai b\u1eafc b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Cao L\u00e2m Anh, 2001) cho r\u1eb1ng: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng n\u00e0y. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1eebng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch giao \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kho\u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng, trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 2.348.295 ha r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng (L\u00e2m Anh, 2002 d\u1eabn t\u1eeb H\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Tu\u1ea5n, 2001) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ed1n, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau (Bi\u1ec3u 1) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0: Ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng (Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n), c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m s\u1edf th\u00edch, nh\u00f3m h\u1ed9 gia \u0111inh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng m\u00e0 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bi\u1ec3u 1. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<td>1. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<p>2. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n<p>3. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n<p>4. Thu\u00ea &#8211; m\u01b0\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<p>(Ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c)<\/td>\n<td>1. T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 &#8211; T\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n &#8211; Thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn<\/p>\n<p>2. C\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng<\/p>\n<p>3. Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V\u1ed1n<\/p>\n<p>(Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh)<\/td>\n<td>1. Ti\u1ec1n<\/p>\n<p>o C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u2013 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<p>o C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<p>o Vay (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng)<\/p>\n<p>o Tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p &#8211; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n<p>o Ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n<p>2. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a (L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, v.v&#8230;)<\/p>\n<p>o C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u2013 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<p>o C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<p>o Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ed1n b\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td>\n<td>1. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/p>\n<p>2. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/td>\n<td>1. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n<p>2. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n<p>3. Nh\u00f3m s\u1edf th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9 gia d\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<p>4. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n<p>5. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 &#8211; t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>* Ngu\u1ed3n: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Wiersum, 1984. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean c\u1edf s\u1edf ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng theo 3 lo\u1ea1i: R\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 giao \u0111\u1ea5t &#8211; kho\u00e1n r\u1eebng (ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 01\/CP v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 163\/CP), nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia tr\u00ean r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ed1n<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, V\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1ed1n, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <\/strong><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e2m) <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n<p>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ed1n<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, bao g\u1ed3m: Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ed1n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e2m, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng, th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v.v &#8230; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <\/strong><strong>L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n<p>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ed1n<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, ngo\u00e0i ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1edf th\u00edch, nh\u00f3m h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vay tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. <\/strong><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thamgia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1chi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng (Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf &#8220;hai ch\u1ee7&#8221; ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c hai b\u00ean, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t &#8211; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u00ean trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 3 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. <\/strong><strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1chi\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng (Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 l\u00e2mnghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy ho\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n<p>(Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>(Tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Palin, 1980)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf &#8220;ba b\u00ean&#8221; hay &#8220;ba ch\u1ee7&#8221; trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t &#8211; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy ho\u1ea1ch, cung c\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khuy\u1ebfn l\u00e2m. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi cao cho c\u1ea3 3 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t &#8211; \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ee7 r\u1eebng (Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00eam vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Arnold, j. e. m, 1992. Community Forestry: Ten Years in Review. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome.<\/p>\n<p>Cao Lam Anh, 2002. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (c\u1ea5p th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai b\u1eafc b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, Ph\u00f2ng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh t\u1ebf L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>Wiersum , K. F,&#8212;&#8212;. Developing Strategies for Social Forestry: A Conceptual Approach. As published by Teaching &#8211; Learning Guide and Complilation of Reading in Social Forestry. UPLB. College. Laguna. 1999.<\/p>\n<h4>Summary<\/h4>\n<p>Finding out suitable measures for sustainable forest management is the concern of many people. This paper describes some models with different forms of each input factor that the participants-state forest management boards, forest owners and local communities can make their own contribution in a participatory forest project. Depending on production relation concerning a given forest type and forest land, these models create different organizational mechanisms for project implementation making clear the role of state Forest Management Boards, consultancy organizations, funding personnel and especially the foresters in organizing and supporting the participatory forest development.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, c&aacute;c nh&agrave; l&acirc;m nghi\u1ec7p tr&ecirc;n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111&atilde; nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i vai tr&ograve; c\u1ee7a m&igrave;nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi &ldquo;gi&aacute;m h\u1ed9 t&agrave;i nguy&ecirc;n r\u1eebng&rdquo; (guardians of the forest), thay v&agrave;o \u0111&oacute; l&agrave; gia t\u0103ng vai tr&ograve; h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v&agrave;o c&aacute;c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l&acirc;m nghi\u1ec7p v&agrave; ch&uacute; tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u li&ecirc;n quan \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d&acirc;n s\u1ed1ng trong v&agrave; g\u1ea7n r\u1eebng (FAO 1978; Ng&acirc;n h&agrave;ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, 1978 d\u1eabn t\u1eeb Wiersum). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=150"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19243,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/150\/revisions\/19243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}