{"id":14657,"date":"2015-04-13T09:37:32","date_gmt":"2015-04-13T02:37:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=14657"},"modified":"2019-09-24T15:36:29","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T08:36:29","slug":"bao-cao-ket-qua-de-tai-hoan-thien-phuong-phap-kiem-ke-khi-nha-kinh-trong-lam-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/bao-cao-ket-qua-de-tai-hoan-thien-phuong-phap-kiem-ke-khi-nha-kinh-trong-lam-nghiep\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"center\"><em>V\u0169 T\u1ea5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cs<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (KNK), bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub>, CH<sub>4<\/sub>, N<sub>2<\/sub>O, HFCs, PFCs v\u00e0 CS<sub>6<\/sub>, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (B\u0110KH) to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u, ..), khai th\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t (chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1eebng sang c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch phi l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p). Trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1edbi 20% t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK (IPCC 2007a).<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf B\u0110KH, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (UNFCCC) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba B\u0110KH. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia v\u00e0o UNFCCC v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK bao g\u1ed3m: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, that \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2m ngh\u1ecb\u00eap v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn nay Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh 2 l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK cho n\u0103m 1994 (b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2003) v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea th\u1ee9 2 cho n\u0103m 2000 (b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010). Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u01b0a mang t\u00ednh chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Do v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2.1. N\u1ed9i dung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a IPCC trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p;<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (sinh kh\u1ed1i, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i)\u00a0 cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam;<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (sinh kh\u1ed1i, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i) cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh;<\/li>\n<li>Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2.2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, n\u00e2ng c\u00e2o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 kinh ph\u00ed). C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/i>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><i>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u00ean gia: <\/i>C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia s\u00e2u cho t\u1eebng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng; t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eebng; sinh kh\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c bon v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng, sinh kh\u1ed1i, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i) quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham v\u1ea5n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c <b>h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i<\/b> (Emission Factors).<\/li>\n<li><i>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m:<\/i>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. V\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb7t h\u1ea1 v\u00e0\u00a0 khoan t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sinh kh\u1ed1i; V\u1edbi r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1eb7t h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sinh kh\u1ed1i r\u1eebng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sinh kh\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><i>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng tin h\u1ecdc trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK:<\/i> Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, h\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n<li><i>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m COMAP: <\/i>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m COMAP \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 KNK<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho n\u0103m 2010, bao g\u1ed3m: i) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (LULUCF); v\u00e0 ii) x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong\u00a0 LULUCF. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>3.1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong LULUCF<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a IPCC (IPCC GPG 2003). Tu\u1ef3 t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecd c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn (c\u00e1c tier) kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201ctier\u201d th\u1ea5p l\u00ean \u201ctier\u201d cao h\u01a1n li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gia t\u0103ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea c\u1ee7a IPCC (2003, 2006) gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u 3 tier, c\u00e1c tier n\u00e0y cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfm KNK. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u201ctier\u201d nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Tier 1<\/b>: L\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00edt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a FAO v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang web. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf KNK th\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ho\u1ea1c \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0129 m\u00f4. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tier 1 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf KNK theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a IPCC ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a FAO. Nh\u00ecn chung, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tier 1 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea cacbon th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tier 2<\/b>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Tier 1, nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c gia. Tier 2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Tier 1 nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chung c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf khi ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea c\u00e1c bon cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia.\u00a0 C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Tier 2 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Tier 3<\/b>: C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Tier 3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft ho\u00e1\u00a0 \u1edf c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1eadc cao n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cao h\u01a1n Tier 1 v\u00e0 Tier 2. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1eabu r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp ngo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tu\u1ed5i, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u01a1i c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i theo th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 vi\u1ec5n th\u00e1m. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00ean tr\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao l\u01b0u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trong LULUCF, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec l\u00e0 r\u1eebng;<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1eebng;<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng (ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, khai th\u00e1c g\u1ed7, c\u1ee7i);<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n 2 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (activity data): l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng (r\u1eebng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, r\u1eebng b\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, r\u1eebng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, \u2026vv). Tu\u1ef3 t\u1eebng m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i (Emission factors): H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sinh kh\u1ed1i, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sinh kh\u1ed1i, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c bon c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c bon c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, r\u1eebng kh\u1ed9p, r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, vv.). Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sinh kh\u1ed1i, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c bon c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1eb7c b\u1ecb\u00eat l\u00e0 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i theo c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng m\u1edbi t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 l\u1ecb\u00eau th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch theo ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bon \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3.2. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong LULUCF<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u trung b\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn nay g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sinh kh\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m v\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c bon cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng: keo lai, keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m, keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n urophylla, th\u00f4ng m\u00e3 v\u0129, th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a, th\u00f4ng ba l\u00e1, m\u1ee1.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sinh kh\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (r\u1eebng g\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean) theo c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eebng (r\u1eebng gi\u00e0u, trung b\u00ecnh, ngh\u00e8o, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i). Ngo\u00e0i ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c bon c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p;<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c bon c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u1eebng nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf tranh, lau l\u00e1ch, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo 3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn (tier) kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb tier1 \u0111\u1ebfn tier 3 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u0169ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n. Hai ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i;<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 l\u1ecb\u00eau v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sinh kh\u1ed1i, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sinh kh\u1ed1i, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c bon c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i);<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh kh\u1ed1i, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea KNK. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u00f4 nghi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 2003. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea7n I trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. B\u1ed9 TN&amp;MT, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 2008. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam: chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea7n II cho C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u201d. B\u1ed9 TN&amp;MT, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 2010. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea7n 2 trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. B\u1ed9 TN&amp;MT, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>IPCC, 2003. Good practice Guidance for land use, land-use change and forestry. Institute of Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan.<\/p>\n<p>IPCC, 2006. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Vol. 4, Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFLOLU). Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan.<\/p>\n<p>IPCC, 2007a. Climate change 2007: Working Group I, Fourth Assessment Report, Technical Summary, Geneva, Switzerland<\/p>\n<p>IPCC, 2007b. Climate change 2007: Working Group II, Climate change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Technical Summary, Geneva, Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p>IPCC, 2007c. Climate change 2007: Working Group III, Mitigation of Climate Change, Technical Summary, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p>United Nations, 1992. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change (UNFCCC).<\/p>\n<p>V\u0169 T\u1ea5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cs, 2008. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1ed9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u0169 T\u1ea5n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cs &nbsp; 1. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (KNK), bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00ed CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs v\u00e0 CS6, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (B\u0110KH) to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i KNK ch\u1ee7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14657"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14657"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14659,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14657\/revisions\/14659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}