\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/p>\n 1- \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/b><\/p>\n Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao cho tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gieo h\u1ea1t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chi ph\u00ed r\u00e1t th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c song \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, hi\u1ec7n nay m\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n su\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng cho tr\u1ed3ng v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00e2m hom. Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng hom (gi\u00e2m hom) tuy ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 song kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf nu\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e2m hom ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ra r\u1ec5 nh\u01b0: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e2m, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng,..<\/p>\n Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hoa, rau qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e2m hom c\u00e2y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p song c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e2m hom c\u00e2y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn song v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e2m hom (MTGH) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hom ra r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 khi gi\u00e2m trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e2m hom (NGH) \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1eaft khe, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c NGH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p song c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e2m hom \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 cao cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 ra r\u1ec5 trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn trong n\u0103m (4 \u2013 6 th\u00e1ng) khi n\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e2m hom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e2y m\u00f9, m\u01b0a ph\u00f9n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c NGH trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u00a0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho gi\u00e2m hom c\u00e2y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p khi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 L\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc (t\u1eeb Hu\u1ebf tr\u1edf ra).<\/p>\n -H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng che s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NGH hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c che t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m nh\u1ef1a che tr\u00ean m\u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a NGH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o khung th\u00e9p, nhanh b\u1ecb \u1ed1 b\u1ea9n do l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u00eau m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u00e1m. Nilon ph\u1ee7 v\u00f2m che lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u1ea9m cho MTGH r\u1ea5t nhanh b\u1ecb \u1ed1 b\u1ea9n do b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e3o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 g\u1ec9 s\u1eaft t\u1eeb khung th\u00e9p v\u00f2m che lu\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng trong MTGH khi n\u1eafng y\u1ebfu, tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a v\u00e0 m\u00e2y m\u00f9.<\/p>\n -K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi d\u01b0 n\u00ean g\u00e2y ra \u00fang n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea7u \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i trong nh\u00e0 gi\u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 t\u1ea7ng trong khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hom ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhu trong b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m do v\u1eady t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho gi\u00e2m hom tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch NGH r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 45 \u2013 55 %)<\/p>\n -H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi (HTT) phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea9m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e2m (\u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea7u) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 phun t\u01a1i s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m d\u1eabn t\u1edbi hom ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u do kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o (khi thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh (do th\u1eeba n\u01b0\u1edbc). Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p HTT kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 th\u1eeba b\u1ec1n, th\u00f9a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y, t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed (\u1ed1ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm) ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebfu b\u1ec1n l\u00e0m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng (\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn nh\u1ef1a uPVC c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p) song ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbi phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/p>\n – Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed MTGH qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn khi n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p khi tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu MTGH trong c\u00e1c NGH l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00f3i d\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu gi\u00f3 L\u00e0o, gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1i NGH c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 2005 – 2008 t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea1m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m Gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng Ba V\u00ec (thu\u1ed9c Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng) v\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m KHSX L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc Trung B\u1ed9 (Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb)<\/p>\n 2- N\u1ed9i dung, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n 2.1- N\u1ed9i dung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n – Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng che s\u00e1ng (ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u00e0 xung quanh NGH) th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng che di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c che s\u00e1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong NGH khi n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng<\/p>\n – Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m hom kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 \u00fang n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00f2m nilon che s\u00e1ng, gi\u1eef \u1ea9m cho MTGH nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng MTGH khi tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u1ed1 b\u1ea9n nilon do g\u1ec9 s\u1eaft<\/p>\n – Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a HTT phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng (b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, v\u00f2i phun, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn) nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbi phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea9m cho MTGH, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong NGH tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi (trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi (trong m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n – Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t MTGH khi n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng, h\u00e2m n\u00f3ng MTGH khi tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n – Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m hom nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng (th\u00eam 1 – 2 t\u1ea7ng) l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m hom th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch gi\u00e2m hom.<\/p>\n – X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh NGH th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u00fau tr\u00ean)<\/p>\n – Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft MTGH, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e2m hom gi\u1eefa NGH th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 NGH \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t) trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t (n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 L\u00e0o, l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u00e2y m\u00f9, mua ph\u00f9n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2.2- V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u <\/b><\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i v\u00f2i t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea1ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc (th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, uPVC)<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u01b0\u1edbi che s\u00e1ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nilon trong su\u1ed1t, t\u1ea5m che composite (Vi\u1ec7t Nam)<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 M\u00e1y \u0111o c\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1\u00a0 (Extech ), m\u00e1y \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7m tay (Hanna), \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, c\u1ed1c \u0111o l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc,..<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hom Keo lai, B\u00e1ch xanh, Chi\u00eau li\u00eau<\/p>\n 2.3- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/b><\/p>\n * Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n – X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i phun (quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 phun t\u01a1i s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh phun c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i phun v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t phun.) \u2192 ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i v\u00f2i phun, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t phun th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho gi\u00e2m hom, ..<\/p>\n – X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u01a1m (quan h\u1ec7: gi\u1eefa l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a m\u00f4t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u01a1m \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, \u00e1p trung) \u2192 Ch\u1ecdn d\u1ea3i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u01a1m cho HTT phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u01a1m (s\u1ed1 v\u00f2i phun t\u1ed1i \u0111a b\u01a1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbi)<\/p>\n – X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 MTGH v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e2m hom gi\u1eefa NGH th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 NGH \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft h\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n * Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft: t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a HTT phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n * X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u00f3 li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Excel<\/p>\n 3- K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/p>\n 3.1- K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn NGH c\u00e2y l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/p>\n 3.1.1- NGH \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00fang (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc)<\/b><\/p>\n -H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m hom \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ec1n xi m\u0103ng, c\u00f3 v\u00f2m nilon trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u1ea9m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong v\u00f2m che v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho hom gi\u00e2m.<\/p>\n -H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f2i phun. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9n gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n theo m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng .<\/p>\n \u1ede c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam, m\u00e1i che m\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng d\u00e0n che 1 l\u1edbp l\u01b0\u1edbi che s\u00e1ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 che 50 \u2013 60%), l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 che s\u00e1ng. V\u00f2m nilon trong su\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o b\u1ecf khi gi\u00e2m hom c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng Keo lai, B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n.<\/p>\n 3.1.2- NGH c\u1ea3i ti\u00e9n <\/b>(\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c NGH hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong v\u00f9ng gi\u00f3 L\u00e0o, gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc)<\/p>\n 1- H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m hom<\/span><\/p>\n –\u00a0 Lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m hom th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng: <\/i>\u00a0th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch, r\u1ed9ng 1,2 \u2013 1,3 m, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i lu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb 7 \u2013 8 m (theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi phun \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong to\u00e0n lu\u1ed1ng). N\u1ec1n lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1ng v\u1eefa b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c 3 % t\u1eeb t\u00e2m gi\u1eefa lu\u1ed1ng sang hai b\u00ean th\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong lu\u1ed1ng (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u00fang b\u1ea7u \u01b0\u01a1m) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m MTGH khi n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ra ngo\u00e0i khi c\u1ea7n. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00f2m che d\u1ec5 th\u00e1o l\u1eafp, x\u1ebfp g\u1ecdn khi t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ed1ng \u1ed1 b\u1ea9n nilon do g\u1ec9 s\u1eaft t\u1eeb khung th\u00e9p, g\u1ed3m: khung v\u00f2m d\u1ea1ng n\u1eeda tr\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thanh th\u00e9p tr\u00f2n D8 c\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 khoan D10 tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed1ng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c thanh khung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1p nilon D3.<\/p>\n – Lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m hom nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng<\/i> (th\u00eam 1 – 2 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng): k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u00f4\u0111un (r\u1ed9ng 1,2 – 1,3 m, d\u00e0i 1,5 m), l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng bul\u00f4ng. Khung b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p, v\u00e1ch k\u00ednh khung nh\u00f4m th\u00e1o r\u1eddi. Lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00e2m hom, r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n khi gi\u00e2m hom trong b\u1ea7u khay, t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch gi\u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m MTGH.<\/p>\n![\"15-03-24-MT](\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/15-03-24-MT-Nha-GH1.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n
![\"15-03-24-MT](\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/15-03-24-MT-Nha-GH2.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"15-03-24-MT](\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/03\/15-03-24-MT-Nha-GH3.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n