{"id":14027,"date":"2014-12-10T10:23:49","date_gmt":"2014-12-10T03:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=14027"},"modified":"2014-12-08T09:00:01","modified_gmt":"2014-12-08T02:00:01","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-tram-den","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-tram-den\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e1m \u0111en"},"content":{"rendered":"

TRA\u0301M \u0110EN<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Canarium tramdenum<\/i> Dai & Ykovl.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Tr\u00e1m (Burseraceace)<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1m \u0111en l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 25-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 40-50cm. Th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n th\u1eb3ng, g\u1ed1c h\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u00fai, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh cao. T\u00e1n d\u00e0y, r\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh. V\u1ecf m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m h\u1eafc, th\u1ecbt v\u1ecf c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a m\u00e0u \u0111en.<\/p>\n

\"Tram<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00e1 k\u00e9p l\u00f4ng chim m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1ebb, xanh l\u1ee5c s\u1eabm, b\u00f3ng, g\u1ed1c h\u01a1i l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5m hoa chu\u1ef3 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n l\u00e1, hoa nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng hay v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 l\u00e1 b\u1eafc d\u1ea1ng v\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ch h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng, d\u00e0i 3,5-4,5cm, r\u1ed9ng 2-2,5cm, khi ch\u00edn m\u00e0u t\u00edm \u0111en. Nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch 3 \u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. M\u00f9a hoa th\u00e1ng 4-5, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng 10-12.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1m \u0111en ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng \u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 1000m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 20-24o<\/sup>C, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1500-2500 mm. \u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1m l\u1edbn g\u1ea7n thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u t\u1ea7ng d\u00e0y, \u1ea9m, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ven s\u00f4ng, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i th\u1ea5p, b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, l\u1eabn s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1. C\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng quanh v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai th\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, m\u1ecdc nhanh, t\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e2y con m\u1ecdc kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3ng. \u01afa \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, m\u00f9n kh\u00e1, pH=4-5.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ea1t tr\u00e1m \u0111en c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i thu l\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e2y \u01b0u tr\u1ed9i t\u1eeb 10-15 tu\u1ed5i, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 2 m\u00f9a qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 sai qu\u1ea3. C\u1ea7n thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 hay r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn thu nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 m\u1eadp, c\u00f9i d\u00e0y, v\u1ecf c\u00f3 m\u00e0u h\u01a1i t\u00edm, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 2-3 ng\u00e0y cho ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u. Ng\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc 3 s\u00f4i 2 l\u1ea1nh (kho\u1ea3ng 60o<\/sup>C) trong 2-3 gi\u1edd, v\u1edbt ra, d\u00f9ng dao r\u1ea1ch d\u1ecdc qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch v\u1ecf l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111em gieo ngay.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hong ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 trong r\u00e2m r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o chum v\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i cao r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t; ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 5-8% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m trong 3-4 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m 30-40o<\/sup>C kho\u1ea3ng 8 gi\u1edd, v\u1edbt ra r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, \u1ee7 trong t\u00fai v\u1ea3i, x\u1ebfp trong nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i k\u00edn gi\u00f3. Khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t nanh nh\u00fa m\u1ea7m (kho\u1ea3ng 20 ng\u00e0y) \u0111em c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gieo h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1t \u1ea9m sau 10-15 ng\u00e0y h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m \u0111em c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u1ee7.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecf b\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng Polyetylen k\u00edch c\u1ee1 15x20cm, th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e1y. Ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam 5-10% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai v\u00e0 1-2% supe l\u00e2n theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5y xong c\u1eafm r\u00e0ng che b\u00f3ng 50% v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea9m. T\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf d\u00e0n che \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t 7-8 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i, cao 60-70cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c 0,6-0,8cm, sinh l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t \u0111em \u0111i tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2-3 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1ng 7-8, khi tr\u1eddi r\u00e2m m\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 40x40x40cm, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t 1-2kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai c\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n 0,05-0,1kg NPK (5:10:3) cho m\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 400-500 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly c\u00e2y c\u00e1ch c\u00e2y 4-5m, h\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng 5m. Hai, ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3ng xen l\u1ea1c, l\u00faa, \u0111\u1ed7, s\u1eafn, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau xen c\u00e2y c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1eadu thi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

\"Tram<\/a><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng theo \u0111\u00e1m quanh v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0, cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 50x50x50cm, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t 2-3 kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai c\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n 0,05-0,1kg NPK (5:10:3) cho m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 300-400 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly c\u00e2y c\u00e1ch c\u00e2y 4-5m, h\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng 6m. Tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u00e2y rau m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n: N\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u 1-2 l\u1ea7n, ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, d\u1eaby c\u1ecf quanh g\u1ed1c, x\u1edbi vun g\u1ed1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 0,7-0,8m.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai 2 l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i Thu, c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u00f3n th\u00eam 0,05-0,1kg NPK (5:10:3) cho m\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n 1.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng n\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 nh\u01b0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh x\u1edbi d\u1eaby quanh g\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng 1-1,2m.<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9a th\u01b0a c\u00e2y x\u1ea5u, cong queo, s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh khi r\u1eebng 6-7 tu\u1ed5i. B\u00f3n th\u00fac 6-8kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai + 1kg NPK (5:10:3) cho m\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c theo 3 h\u1ed1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c 0,8-1m \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 gia s\u00fac ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y, ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1m \u0111en c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, v\u1eeba cho g\u1ed7, v\u1eeba l\u1ea5y nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 cho qu\u1ea3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,73, x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m VII, m\u00e0u x\u00e1m tr\u1eafng, th\u1edb m\u1ecbn, v\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, m\u1ec1m nh\u1eb9, d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb, d\u1ec5 gia c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 b\u00f3c, g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n, l\u00e0m di\u00eam, b\u00fat ch\u00ec, b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, sau ng\u00e2m t\u1ea9m l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9c t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a C\u00f4l\u00f4phan v\u00e0 tinh d\u1ea7u g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng, d\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf s\u01a1n, v\u00e9c ni, d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0m h\u01b0\u01a1ng, keo,…<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1ch \u0103n d\u00e2n gi\u00e3 nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1ed9c, mu\u1ed1i, n\u1ea5u v\u1edbi th\u1ecbt, c\u00e1 l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 mai, m\u1ee9t, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t. M\u1ed7i c\u00e2y 10-15 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho 50-70 kg qu\u1ea3\/ n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Thu qu\u1ea3: R\u1eebng 8 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch, n\u1ebfu ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea1t 1-2 t\u1ea5n qu\u1ea3\/ha. Tu\u1ed5i r\u1eebng c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u. Chu k\u1ef3 sai qu\u1ea3 2-3 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 50 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00edch nh\u1ef1a: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebdo m\u00e1ng \u1edf g\u1ed1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea5y nh\u1ef1a h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u00edch ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e2y l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 cho g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y g\u1ed7: R\u1eebng 30-40 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7t tr\u1eafng l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i. G\u1ed7 khi khai th\u00e1c, c\u1eaft kh\u00fac, b\u00f3c v\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m t\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ngay \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed1i, m\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TRA\u0301M \u0110EN T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Canarium tramdenum Dai & Ykovl. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Tr\u00e1m (Burseraceace) 1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i Tr\u00e1m \u0111en l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 25-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 40-50cm. Th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n th\u1eb3ng, g\u1ed1c h\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u00fai, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh cao. T\u00e1n d\u00e0y, r\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh. V\u1ecf m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m h\u1eafc, th\u1ecbt v\u1ecf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14027"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14027"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14032,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14027\/revisions\/14032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}