{"id":13737,"date":"2014-10-29T10:37:22","date_gmt":"2014-10-29T03:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13737"},"modified":"2014-10-27T09:56:48","modified_gmt":"2014-10-27T02:56:48","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-tram-trang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-tram-trang\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng"},"content":{"rendered":"

TR\u00c1M TR\u1eaeNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Canarium album<\/i> Raeusch<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Tr\u00e1m (Burseraceae)<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 25-30m, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng. V\u1ecf tr\u1eafng nh\u1eb5n hay n\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ec1u. Khi \u0111\u1ebdo c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ee5c, th\u01a1m, ch\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 k\u00e9p l\u00f4ng chim m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1ebb, xanh \u0111\u1eadm, m\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Hoa t\u1ef1 ch\u00f9m m\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh, n\u00e1ch l\u00e1, hoa m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01a1n t\u00ednh, n\u1edf th\u00e1ng 3-4. Qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ch, d\u1ec5 t\u00e1ch, ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng 10-11. H\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh thoi, m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, ch\u1eb7t ra c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

\"Tram<\/a><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng, kh\u1eafp B\u1eafc, Trung, Nam \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 100m \u0111\u1ebfn 600m, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1500-2000mm\/n\u0103m. Trong r\u1eebng, tr\u00e1m chi\u1ebfm t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean. Tr\u00e1m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ti\u00ean phong g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf r\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n che b\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9, m\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t nhanh. N\u01b0\u1edbc ta nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng. N\u00f3 th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea7ng d\u1ea7y, \u1ea9m, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i tr\u00e1m nh\u01b0 Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng (C. album<\/i>), Tr\u00e1m \u0111en (C. tramdenum<\/i>), Tr\u00e1m h\u1ed3ng (C. luzonicum<\/i>), Tr\u00e1m chim (C. tonkinensis<\/i>), Tr\u00e1m \u0111inh (C. icicaraciba<\/i>), trong \u0111\u00f3 Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1m gh\u00e9p bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i thu h\u00e1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng, r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Thu v\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn qu\u1ea3 m\u1eadp, ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i 3 gi\u1edd, v\u1edbt ra, d\u00f9ng dao c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch h\u1ea1t. Kh\u00f4ng gieo ngay ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 trong r\u00e2m, r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o chum v\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 cao, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 tho\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110em h\u1ea1t ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc 2 gi\u1edd, v\u1edbt ra, \u1ee7 h\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t nanh \u0111em gieo. N\u00ean t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u, v\u1ecf b\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng polyetylen c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1y c\u1eaft 2 g\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5c 6 l\u1ed7 xung quanh, c\u1ee1 8x18cm, ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea7u + 10-15% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai.<\/p>\n

Gieo xong ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m, l\u00e0m d\u00e0n che 50% \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, sau 3 th\u00e1ng b\u1ecf d\u00e0n. C\u00e2y con 9 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i, cao 60-80cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 \u00b30,5cm \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n H\u00e8; c\u00e2y 15-16 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i, cao 80-100cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 \u00b31cm \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o r\u1eebng khoanh nu\u00f4i t\u00e1i sinh.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00e1m l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u1eddn r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9p ch\u1ed3i hay gh\u00e9p m\u1eaft t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 sai qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\"Tram<\/a><\/p>\n

4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh 04TCN 24-2001 – quy ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 NN&PTNT.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i theo r\u1ea1ch hay h\u1ed7n giao v\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng; tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n giao v\u1edbi keo ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ed5 sung trong khoanh nu\u00f4i t\u00e1i sinh r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c b\u00ec tr\u00ean r\u1ea1ch tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng 2m, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 tr\u00ean r\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gieo th\u1eb3ng: D\u1ec5 l\u00e0m, tuy t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m th\u1ea5p, sau ph\u1ea3i gieo tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u: Ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, thu gom theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c. Sau \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 40x40x40cm, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed so le tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 1000 c\u00e2y\/ha (2x5m) hay 2500 c\u00e2y\/ha (2x2m). Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 30 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng trong v\u01b0\u1eddn – tr\u1ea1i: Tr\u1ed3ng 400 c\u00e2y\/ha (5x5m) hay 500 c\u00e2y\/ha (4x5m), \u0111\u1ec3 xen c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, c\u00e2y cho qu\u1ea3, cho c\u1ee7. Cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 40x40x40 cm b\u00f3n l\u00f3t ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng + ph\u00e2n xanh \u0111\u00e3 hoai v\u00e0o t\u1eebng h\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng: \u0110\u00f4ng Xu\u00e2n, Xu\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c Xu\u00e2n H\u00e8. Tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y r\u00e2m m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 n\u0103m. N\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u 2 l\u1ea7n, sau tr\u1ed3ng 3 th\u00e1ng, tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft, x\u1edbi vun g\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng 0,8-1m, l\u1ea7n 2 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m c\u0169ng x\u1edbi vun g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec d\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y r\u1ed9ng 1m. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng 2m, m\u1edf r\u1ea1ch h\u00ecnh ph\u1ec5u. N\u0103m th\u1ee9 3, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 2.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng non c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng gia s\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. R\u1eebng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng non hay b\u1ecb s\u00e2u cu\u1ed1n l\u00e1, c\u1eafn ng\u1ecdn, c\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7t nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i 6. Ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y x\u1ea5u, ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t, ch\u1eeba m\u1ed9t. Tr\u1ed3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea7y c\u1ea7n t\u1ec9a hai l\u1ea7n, c\u00e1ch 3-4 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Sau khi ch\u1eb7t t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n theo 3 h\u1ed1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u quanh g\u1ed1c. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed1c 5-7kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng + 2% NPK (5:10:3). C\u1ee9 3 n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n b\u00f3n, c\u00e2y m\u1edbi cho nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3, nh\u1ef1a, g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng m\u1ec1m, nh\u1eb9, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,59, x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m VII, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng. G\u1ed7 kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau ng\u00e2m t\u1ea9m, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n l\u1ea1ng, b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y (ch\u1ee9a 47,5% Cellulose). Qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00e1m cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a, d\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf keo, s\u01a1n, v\u00e9cni, xi, x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u,\u2026 Nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 50-70% Colophan, d\u00f9ng thay nh\u1ef1a th\u00f4ng, ch\u1ebf t\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, ch\u1ee9a 8-10% tinh d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n, \u0103n s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n, \u00f4 mai, ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c, t\u00ea th\u1ea5p, \u1ec9a ch\u1ea3y, c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng s\u01b0ng \u0111au, ho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddm,\u2026<\/p>\n

Tr\u00edch nh\u1ef1a: M\u1edf m\u00e1ng theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o s\u00e1t g\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eadu h\u1ee9ng nh\u1ef1a. Tr\u00edch nh\u1ef1a v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, tr\u00e1nh khai th\u00e1c ki\u1ec7t. Nh\u1ef1a tr\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 25%.<\/p>\n

Thu qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e8o h\u00e1i hay nh\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn r\u1ee5ng quanh g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Thu ho\u1ea1ch g\u1ed7: Sau khi kinh doanh qu\u1ea3, nh\u1ef1a c\u1ea7n ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7. Ch\u1eb7t xong c\u1eaft kh\u00fac theo quy c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n hay g\u1ed7 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, sau \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e9t thu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n LN3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 10%.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TR\u00c1M TR\u1eaeNG T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Canarium album Raeusch H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Tr\u00e1m (Burseraceae) 1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i L\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 25-30m, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng. V\u1ecf tr\u1eafng nh\u1eb5n hay n\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ec1u. Khi \u0111\u1ebdo c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ee5c, th\u01a1m, ch\u1ea3y ra. L\u00e1 k\u00e9p l\u00f4ng chim m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u1ebb, xanh \u0111\u1eadm, m\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13737"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13737"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13740,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13737\/revisions\/13740"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}