{"id":13734,"date":"2014-10-20T10:11:57","date_gmt":"2014-10-20T03:11:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13734"},"modified":"2014-10-02T10:16:00","modified_gmt":"2014-10-02T03:16:00","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-tram-uc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-tram-uc\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e0m \u00dac"},"content":{"rendered":"

TRA\u0300M U\u0301C<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: Tr\u00e0m l\u01a1ca, Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i<\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Melaleuca leucadendra<\/i> L.<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Sim (Myrtaceae)<\/p>\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh: Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t C\u01b0\u1eddng, 2010)<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1edbi 25-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn 60cm, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y cao t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 40m v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t 1,0 -1,5m.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, nh\u1eb5n, m\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ecbn, bong th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 h\u00ecnh ng\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o, thu\u00f4n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u01a1i cong. L\u00e1 d\u00e0i trung b\u00ecnh 10-20cm r\u1ed9ng trung b\u00ecnh 2,0-3,5cm, m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 m\u1ecbn, c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng t\u01a1 khi non.<\/p>\n

Hoa m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 6-15cm, m\u1ecdc 1-3 ch\u00f9m k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m \u0111\u01a1n \u1edf n\u00e1ch l\u00e1, hoa m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eafng ng\u00e0. Qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 ng\u1eafn, r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 0,3-0,45cm cao 0,4-0,45cm, v\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecfng, khi ch\u00edn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 n\u1ee9t mi\u1ec7ng qu\u1ea3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec9nh, qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean c\u00e2y m\u1eb9. H\u1ea1t n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m nhanh.<\/p>\n

\"Tram<\/a><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u00dac, t\u1eeb 12 \u0111\u1ebfn 23,5o<\/sup> v\u0129 Nam v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 113o<\/sup> \u0111\u1ebfn 152o<\/sup> kinh \u0110\u00f4ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf Papua Niu Ghin\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Irian Jaya c\u1ee7a In\u0111\u00f4n\u00eaxia.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng \u1ea9m, b\u00e1n \u1ea9m, n\u00f3ng – b\u00e1n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t 31-38o<\/sup>C v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t 8,5-19o<\/sup>C, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a trung b\u00ecnh n\u0103m 650-1500mm v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a 40-145 ng\u00e0y\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i m\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ed1c nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i ven s\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y theo m\u00f9a. Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i \u01b0a m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t b\u00f9n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y. Hi\u1ebfm khi tr\u00e0m m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i m\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1m nh\u1ecf trong c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, d\u1ea1ng r\u1eebng th\u01b0a h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2y. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1ed7n giao v\u1edbi Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i tr\u00e0m M. argentea, M. dealbata<\/i> v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n l\u00e0 E. alba,\u00a0 E. tereticornis, E. polycarpa.<\/i><\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh 04TCN-145-2006 – quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 NN&PTNT.<\/p>\n

\u01afu ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u00e1i \u1edf c\u00e1c r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng, v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 14147, 15892, 18909, 18958, 18960, 18961 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e2y \u01b0u tr\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5-6 tu\u1ed5i, ch\u1ec9 thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m sau. S\u00e0ng s\u1ea9y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft t\u1ea1p v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thu l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t bung ra sau khi ph\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t trong 1kg l\u00e0 20-22 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o t\u00fai v\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c ni l\u00f4ng hay chum v\u1ea1i c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef n\u01a1i cao r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef h\u1ea1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 100<\/sup>C v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 12% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m t\u1edbi 3 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1t n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo 1 trong 4 c\u00e1ch sau:<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch kho\u1ea3ng 12 gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n, v\u1edbt ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111em gieo.<\/p>\n

– Ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, \u1ea5m kho\u1ea3ng 40-500<\/sup>C, trong 6 gi\u1edd v\u1edbt ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111em gieo.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u01a1i h\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9 kho\u1ea3ng 600<\/sup>C trong 6 gi\u1edd r\u1ed3i \u0111em gieo.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u01a1i h\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9 kho\u1ea3ng 600<\/sup>C trong 2 gi\u1edd sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc 3 gi\u1edd, v\u1edbt ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i \u1ee7 h\u1ea1t 36-48 gi\u1edd, c\u1ee9 10-12 gi\u1edd r\u1eeda chua m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, r\u1eeda l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111em gieo.<\/p>\n

Khi gieo h\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n c\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf cho t\u1edbi m\u1ecbn, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,5 cm, l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 san ph\u1eb3ng m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1edbi 5 ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1t m\u1ecbn r\u1ed3i gieo v\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi 2g h\u1ea1t\/m2<\/sup>. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e1t m\u1ecfng, l\u1ea5p k\u00edn h\u1ea1t sau khi gieo. L\u00e0m khung \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ni l\u00f4ng che m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng khi c\u00f3 m\u01b0a l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e2y m\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y m\u1ea1:<\/i> H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho lu\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y gieo, 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng cho c\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o b\u1ea7u:<\/i> V\u1ecf b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng P.E c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 9x12cm th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e1y, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1y th\u00ec c\u1eaft 2 g\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5c 4 l\u1ed7 \u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecf b\u1ea7u. Ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u tu\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00ednh theo % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

– \u1ede n\u01a1i c\u00f3 r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m: 50% \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m v\u1edbi 40% c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c 40% tro tr\u1ea5u v\u00e0 10% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 5:4:1).<\/p>\n

– \u1ede n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1eebng Tr\u00e0m: 25% \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m + 25% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai + 50% x\u01a1 d\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c tro tr\u1ea5u (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1:1:2) ho\u1eb7c 50% \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m + 25% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai + 25% x\u01a1 d\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c tro tr\u1ea5u (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 2:1:1).<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5y c\u00e2y m\u1ea1:<\/i> C\u00e2y m\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25-30 ng\u00e0y tu\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m, cao kho\u1ea3ng 2-3cm v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e1 th\u00ec nh\u1ed5 \u0111em c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con:<\/i> Sau khi c\u1ea5y 4-5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho c\u00e2y v\u00e0 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 d\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1edbi che n\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y con \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng<\/i>:<\/i><\/p>\n

Tu\u1ed5i c\u00e2y 8-10 tu\u1ea7n (2,5-3 th\u00e1ng) k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c 12-14 tu\u1ea7n (3,5-4 th\u00e1ng) k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m; chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00e2y 40-50cm (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f9a th\u00ec chi\u1ec1u cao c\u00e2y l\u00e0 80-90cm); \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 0,2-0,3cm<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng<\/i>:<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e8n ng\u1eadp 4-5 th\u00e1ng trong n\u0103m, tr\u1ed3ng 6.660 c\u00e2y\/ha \u0111\u1ebfn 10.000 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 1 x 1,5 m hay 1×1,0m.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, l\u1ea7y, b\u1ed3i t\u1ee5 b\u00e1n ng\u1eadp theo m\u00f9a, tr\u1ed3ng 6.660 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 1×1,5m.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp, tr\u1ed3ng 2.500-3.300c\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 2x2m hay 1,5m x 2m.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec:<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c b\u00ec th\u01b0a th\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd. N\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c b\u00ec d\u00e0y r\u1eadm ph\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n s\u00e1t g\u1ed1c, d\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t:<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e8n l\u00ean li\u1ebfp theo k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 sau: Li\u1ebfp r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 2-5m, cao 0,25m, r\u00e3nh r\u1ed9ng 0,6-1m, s\u00e2u 0,5m (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng sinh ph\u00e8n). L\u00ean li\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch cu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e0o l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a r\u00e3nh ra m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, \u0111\u00e0o l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a r\u00e3nh \u0111\u1eafp l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a li\u1ebfp, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a r\u00e3nh \u0111\u1eafp ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean m\u1eb7t li\u1ebfp. Cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 30x30x30cm k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00f3n l\u00f3t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n DAP, NPK v\u00e0 l\u00e2n supe ho\u1eb7c \u00e2ptit nghi\u1ec1n theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1:1:6 (NPK 4:57:1), l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f3n 30g cho 1 c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed3i t\u1ee5 c\u00e1t, l\u1ea7y, ven s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 l\u00ean li\u1ebfp r\u1ed9ng 1m cao 0,20 – 0,30m; r\u00e3nh r\u1ed9ng 0,5m s\u00e2u 0,2-0,3m. B\u00f3n l\u00f3t 200-300g NPK (5:10:3 ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng) cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i g\u00f2 hay \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 40x40x40cm theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00f3n l\u00f3t 250-300g NPK (5:10:3 ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng) hay 300-500g ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh cho 1 h\u1ed1. Th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 1 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u1ede v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp ph\u00e8n tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch, tu\u1ef3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eadp qu\u00e1 ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00fat c\u1ea1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 15 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f9a \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00f2ng h\u1ed3 n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1eadp t\u1eeb 1 th\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n h\u00e8 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 thu.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng:<\/i><\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c tay t\u1ea1o 1 l\u1ed7 \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u1ed1 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u c\u00e2y c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u cao h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a t\u00fai 1-2cm. R\u1ea1ch b\u1ecf v\u1ecf b\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u c\u00e2y ngay ng\u1eafn trong l\u00f2ng h\u1ed1, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 l\u00e8n ch\u1eb7t, vun \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t h\u1ed1 5-10cm.\u00a0 Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c:<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 1:<\/i> Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 20-30 ng\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n H\u00e8 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n: L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 2 th\u00e1ng x\u1edbi x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng 0,8m, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 ph\u00e1t b\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, x\u1edbi x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng 1m.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 thu \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 1 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, ph\u00e1t b\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, x\u1edbi x\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng 1m.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 3<\/i>: Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n\/ n\u0103m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. N\u1ed9i dung ch\u0103m s\u00f3c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 vun x\u1edbi quanh g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng 1m.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a (\u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a kh\u00f4), thu d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00e1y ra kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 r\u1eebng<\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n

– Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u, chu\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i r\u1eebng:<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t c\u1eafn ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i r\u1eebng, khi th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c phun di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 s\u00e2u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1eeda r\u1eebng:<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh 04TCN-88-2006 – quy ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y, ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng tram c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 NN&PTNT, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00f2i canh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c g\u00e1c su\u1ed1t m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00e0m t\u1eadp trung, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00e0m t\u1eadp trung c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u00e1n ng\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eadp theo m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c b\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng cho mang l\u1eeda v\u00e0o r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 tr\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1eeb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y, d\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9c. G\u1ed7 Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb 733 \u0111\u1ebfn 749kg\/m3<\/sup>, ch\u1ecbu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 tinh d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt ong, n\u1ea5m\u00a0 tr\u00e0m, v\u1ecf tr\u00e0m, than tr\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00f2 h\u1ea7m than.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kinh doanh g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf (c\u1eeb, gi\u1ea5y, d\u0103m,…) chu k\u1ef3 6-7 n\u0103m t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i 4, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a 45-60% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y, t\u1ec9a v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, thu d\u1ecdn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00e1y ra kh\u1ecfi r\u1eebng. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9a c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m, s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, cong queo, g\u1eaby ng\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu kinh doanh g\u1ed7 v\u1eeba (c\u1ed9t, v\u00e1n gh\u00e9p thanh, \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9c,…) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf chu k\u1ef3 15-20 n\u0103m. T\u1ec9a th\u01b0a 3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 10.000 c\u00e2y\/ha:<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea7n 1: Tu\u1ed5i 4, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ec9a 45% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u1edf m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 10.000 c\u00e2y\/ha th\u00ec s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 6.500 c\u00e2y\/ha.<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea7n 2: Tu\u1ed5i 8, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ec9a 50% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 4, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 3.250c\/ha<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea7n 3: Tu\u1ed5i 12, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ec9a 50% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 8, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 1.625c\/ha.<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9a th\u01b0a 2 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 6.660 c\u00e2y\/ha \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 8 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i 12 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 50% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

T\u1ec9a th\u01b0a 1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 2500-3330 c\u00e2y\/ha \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 12 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a l\u00e0 35-50% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TRA\u0300M U\u0301C T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: Tr\u00e0m l\u01a1ca, Tr\u00e0m l\u00e1 d\u00e0i T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Melaleuca leucadendra L. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Sim (Myrtaceae) (Ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh: Nguy\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t C\u01b0\u1eddng, 2010) 1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i C\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1edbi 25-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn 60cm, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y cao t\u1edbi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13734"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13734"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13736,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13734\/revisions\/13736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}