{"id":13346,"date":"2014-10-06T14:31:14","date_gmt":"2014-10-06T07:31:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13346"},"modified":"2014-08-29T14:19:36","modified_gmt":"2014-08-29T07:19:36","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-thong-nhua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-thong-nhua\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fd thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"><b>TH\u00d4NG NH\u1ef0A<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: Th\u00f4ng ta, th\u00f4ng hai l\u00e1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: <i>Pinus merkusii<\/i> Juss et de Vries<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><i>P. merkusiana<\/i> E.N.G. Cooling et H.Gauss<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Th\u00f4ng (Pinaceae)<\/p>\n<p><b>1. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/b><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 25-30 m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c 50-60 cm, c\u00f3 c\u00e2y t\u1edbi 1 m. Th\u00e2n tn\u1eb3ng tr\u00f2n\u00a0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a. V\u1ecf d\u00e0y, m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1ea1t hay n\u00e2u \u0111en, n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc s\u00e2u. T\u00e1n l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, l\u00e1 kim m\u00e0u xanh th\u1eabm, d\u00e0i 15-25 cm. G\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 b\u1eb9 d\u00e0i 1-2 cm. Q\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n, h\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i xoan, h\u01a1i d\u1eb9t. Ra hoa th\u00e1ng 5-6, q\u1ee7a ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9-10 n\u0103m sau, kho\u1ea3ng 35-40 kg qu\u1ea3 cho 1 kg h\u1ea1t. M\u1ed9t kg h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 27.000-30.000 h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, khi nh\u1ecf ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m nh\u1eb9, xanh quanh n\u0103m, t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean k\u00e9m, t\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t manh. R\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0103n lan r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i t\u1edbi 8-10 m, r\u1ec5 c\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e2m s\u00e2u, r\u1ec5 t\u01a1 c\u00f3 n\u1ea5m c\u1ecdng sinh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n. M\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm l\u00fac nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u01a1c 4-5 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i 10-12 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ra hoa.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2014\/09\/ky-thuat-trong-thong-nhua\/thongnhua1\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13349\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13349\" alt=\"Thongnhua1\" src=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Thongnhua1.jpg\" width=\"588\" height=\"296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Thongnhua1.jpg 588w, https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Thongnhua1-500x251.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, m\u1ecdc \u1edf\u00a0 v\u00e0nh \u0111ai \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb 10-250m v\u00e0 700-900 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n; c\u00f3 2 nh\u00f3m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9:<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00f3m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 t\u1eeb 3-6 th\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ecf trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 3-5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng cao. Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o, C\u0103mpuchia v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 ng\u1eafn; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ecf, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a \u1edf Sumatra thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi 10 v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 5 kinh tuy\u1ebfn, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi 100-200m \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n 1000m \u1edf n\u01a1i s\u00e1t hay g\u1ea7n s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3n h\u01a1n 100 km theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng. C\u00f3 2 d\u1ea1ng hay ki\u1ec3u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y con th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi 2 v\u00f9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 H\u00e8 Thu v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 Thu \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ea1ng 1 c\u00f3 l\u00e1 d\u00e0i, m\u00e0u xanh th\u1eabm m\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e2n, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a \u1edf B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c, Di Linh (L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng), Y\u00ean L\u1eadp, U\u00f4ng B\u00ed (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh), Ph\u00fa B\u00ecnh (Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean), M\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2u (S\u01a1n La).<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ea1ng 2 c\u00f3 l\u00e1 ng\u1eafn, m\u00e0u xanh nh\u1ea1t m\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u00e2n, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao, g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, B\u1ed1 Tr\u1ea1ch (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh), Ho\u00e0ng Mai (Ngh\u1ec7 An), H\u00e0 Trung (Thanh Ho\u00e1), Nho Quan (Ninh B\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi 300-400m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a d\u1ea1ng 1 v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0a m\u00f9a h\u00e8 thu c\u00f3 \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng 2 v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0a m\u00f9a Thu \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ven bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Ninh B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean &#8211; Hu\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00f9ng cao 600-700m \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi 1000m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a d\u1ea1ng 1 v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0a m\u00f9a H\u00e8 Thu c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam v\u00e0 S\u01a1n La \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m l\u00e0 20-25<sup>o<\/sup>C, t\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 8200-9000<sup>o<\/sup>C\/n\u0103m, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1800-2100 mm. N\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t feralit ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eb7ng, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chua, pH<sub>KCl<\/sub> t\u1eeb 3,3-4,9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2014\/09\/ky-thuat-trong-thong-nhua\/thongnhua2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13350\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13350\" alt=\"Thongnhua2\" src=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Thongnhua2.jpg\" width=\"435\" height=\"357\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><b>4. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh QPN18-96 &#8211; quy ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a, ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 1409 NN\/Q\u0110 ng\u00e0y 20\/8\/1996 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 NN&amp; PTNT.<\/p>\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh, r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu t\u00ednh, r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a v\u00f9ng cao (L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng) v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p (B\u1ed1 Tr\u1ea1ch &#8211; Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh); Gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u1edf Ng\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p l\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao, t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Nam ra tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, ho\u1eb7c \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng 1 tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng 2 hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Thu h\u00e1i khi v\u1ecf q\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u1eabm, c\u00e1nh d\u00e1n, v\u1ea3y qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a n\u1ee9t. \u1ee6 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i r\u1ea3i l\u00ean nong \u0111em ph\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9. Sau 2-3 n\u1eafng s\u00e0ng s\u1ea9y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft t\u1ea1p v\u1eadt cho h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o chum v\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u k\u00edch c\u1ee1 6&#215;12 cm, v\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng Polyetylen ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 75% \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ebf gu\u1ed9t + 24% \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f9n th\u00f4ng + 1% supe l\u00e2n. X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e2m v\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm 0,1% trong 30 ph\u00fat, v\u1edbt ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i ng\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m 6 gi\u1edd, v\u1edbt ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc cho v\u00e0o t\u00fai v\u1ea3i \u1ee7 cho n\u1ee9t nanh ho\u1eb7c gieo v\u00e0o c\u00e1t \u1ea9m m\u1ecdc m\u1ea7m que di\u00eam \u0111em c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e2y con c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian 1-2 n\u0103m nu\u00f4i t\u1ea1o \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t, ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh l\u1edf c\u1ed5 r\u1ec3 trong th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ec7nh r\u01a1m l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c Booc\u0111\u00f4. N\u1ebfu c\u00e2y b\u1ecb v\u00e0ng c\u00f2i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1c l\u00e1 d\u00f9ng sunph\u00e1t N n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,1% hay supe l\u00e2n n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,2%, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbi 2,5 l\u00edt\/m<sup>2<\/sup>, 2 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 12 \u0111\u1ebfn 18 ho\u1eb7c 24 th\u00e1ng, cao 7-12 cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 6-8 mm, kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, xanh t\u1ed1t, r\u1ec5 c\u00f3 n\u1ea5m c\u1ed9ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ee5t ng\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n<p><b>4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n<p>X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, d\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u01a1i, cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 30x30x30cm ho\u1eb7c 40x40x40cm k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00f3n l\u00f3t 3 kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai + 50 gam supe l\u00e2n cho 1 h\u1ed1 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 1500 \u0111\u1ebfn 3000 c\u00e2y\/ha tu\u1ef3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y nh\u1ef1a v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e2ng cao l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n H\u00e8 v\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0a m\u00f9a H\u00e8 Thu v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 Thu \u0110\u00f4ng v\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u01b0a m\u00f9a thu \u0111\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea1ch b\u1ecf v\u1ecf b\u1ea7u, tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y gi\u00e2m m\u00e1t, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 L\u00e0o, gi\u00f3 heo may ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u01b0a to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3-5 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n, 2-3 l\u1ea7n\/ n\u0103m, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, vun x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 0,8-1,0m.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u0103ng tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 b\u0103ng xanh c\u1ea3n l\u1eeda v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh 04TCN 89-2006 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 NN&amp;PTNT &#8211; quy ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb d\u1ecbch s\u00e2u r\u00f3m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u1eeb sau khi\u00a0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ec9a th\u01b0a v\u00e0 b\u00f3n th\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1eebng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a n\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n sau khi kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i 8-9 t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 5 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ec9a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. R\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 qua t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng 1-2 l\u1ea7n, l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a theo s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng t\u1eeb 19,35-31,86%.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1eebng th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111ang khai th\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a b\u00f3n 0,5 kg NPK (5:10:3)\/c\u00e2y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n b\u00f3n 1 kg NPK (5:10:3)\/c\u00e2y, b\u00f3n th\u00fac ph\u00e2n cho r\u1eebng tu\u1ed5i 19-26 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n<p><b>5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/p>\n<p>G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a, \u1edf l\u00f5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u1edf gi\u00e1c. T\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng (t\u00ear\u00eabentin) v\u00e0 t\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng (c\u00f4l\u00f4phan). \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1n, v\u00e9c ni, xenlul\u00f4, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, gi\u1ea5y, ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo, m\u1ef1c in, cao su,&#8230;. C\u00e2y 25-30 tu\u1ed5i sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a 3-4 kg\/n\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a cao nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,77, x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m V, v\u00f2ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eb9p, m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn, v\u00e2n r\u00f5, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9c gia d\u1ee5ng, bao b\u00ec, v\u00e1n ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong toa xe. G\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi 25-30 cm, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u00f5i, nh\u1eb9, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a \u00edt c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i d\u00e0i. Th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u00f9i nh\u1ef1a t\u1ecfa ra h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m c\u00e2y phong c\u1ea3nh cho c\u00e1c khu ngh\u0129 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, danh lam th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf r\u1ec5 c\u00f3 n\u1ea5m c\u1ed9ng sinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh N n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng hai l\u00e1 QTN-29-97 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 NN&amp;PTNT ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 2531 NN-KHCN\/Q\u0110 ng\u00e0y 4\/10 \/1997. Ch\u00fa \u00fd khai th\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i tr\u00ean 25, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 25cm tr\u1edf l\u00ean, khai th\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1edbi r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebdo h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebdo Ho\u00e0ng Mai, khai th\u00e1c di\u1ec7t cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a l\u1ea7n 2 v\u00e0 3 cho r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00edch h\u00ecnh x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/2014\/09\/ky-thuat-trong-thong-nhua\/thongnhua3\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13351\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13351\" alt=\"Thongnhua3\" src=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/09\/Thongnhua3.jpg\" width=\"395\" height=\"412\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Khi b\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ef1a ph\u1ea3i thu ngay, m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng thu 2-3 l\u1ea7n, nh\u1ef1a ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ef1ng trong th\u00f9ng phuy tr\u00e1ng k\u1ebdm ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec3 x\u00e2y, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u01a1i r\u00e2m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng nh\u1ef1a tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e1ng 8\/1997 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i &#8211; V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c 8-10 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 qua m\u1ed9t lu\u00e2n k\u1ef3 tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec5u, ngh\u00e8o dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, c\u00e0y r\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u 45-50 cm, cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 30x30x30 cm, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t 100 gam supe l\u00e2n\/c\u00e2y. Tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 3300 c\u00e2y\/ha, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 4 n\u0103m, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m 2 l\u1ea7n, h\u00e0ng n\u0103m b\u00f3n b\u1ed5 sung 50 gam supe l\u00e2n\/ c\u00e2y v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau 8 n\u0103m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"center\">N\u0103m<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61\">\n<p align=\"center\">1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"center\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng (%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61\">\n<p align=\"center\">87,5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">73,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">58,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">56,3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">56,3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"center\">Hvn (m)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61\">\n<p align=\"center\">0,17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">0,61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">1,34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">2,21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">2,57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\n<p align=\"center\">D (cm)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61\">\n<p align=\"center\">1,33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">2,78<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">3,89<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">5,07<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p align=\"center\">6,28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1i ho\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, gi\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng kh\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TH\u00d4NG NH\u1ef0A T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: Th\u00f4ng ta, th\u00f4ng hai l\u00e1 T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Pinus merkusii Juss et de Vries P. merkusiana E.N.G. Cooling et H.Gauss H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Th\u00f4ng (Pinaceae) 1. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 25-30 m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c 50-60 cm, c\u00f3 c\u00e2y t\u1edbi 1 m. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13346"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13346"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13352,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13346\/revisions\/13352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}