{"id":13335,"date":"2014-08-26T10:36:29","date_gmt":"2014-08-26T03:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13335"},"modified":"2014-08-26T10:50:30","modified_gmt":"2014-08-26T03:50:30","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-thong-caribe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-thong-caribe\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng Carib\u00ea"},"content":{"rendered":"

TH\u00d4NG CARIB\u00ca<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Pinus caribaea<\/i> Morelet<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Th\u00f4ng (Pinaceae)<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i l\u00e1 kim, th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao t\u1edbi 30-45m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 60-80 cm.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n, th\u1eb3ng, v\u1ecf n\u1ee9t s\u00e2u. C\u00e0nh m\u00e0u n\u00e2u – da cam, sau chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u00e2u x\u00e1m. G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i b\u1eb9 l\u00e1 ch\u1ee9a 3 l\u00e1 kim (\u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 2 ho\u1eb7c 4-5 l\u00e1 kim), d\u00e0i 15-25cm, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3n c\u00e1i m\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng, d\u00e0i 4-14cm. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1000 h\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 14-19g.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"ThongCaribe1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea g\u1ed3m 3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng caribaea, honderensis v\u00e0 bahamensis \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf v\u00f9ng Trung M\u1ef9. Trong \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng caribaea ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 16o<\/sup> \u0111\u1ebfn 20o <\/sup>v\u0129 B\u1eafc, \u1edf Cu Ba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Juventus thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Carib\u00ea, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung \u1edf v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed3i b\u00e1t \u00fap, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 330m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 760m, \u00edt c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1200m.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng bahamensis ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb 22o<\/sup> \u0111\u1ebfn 27o<\/sup> v\u0129 B\u1eafc, thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea3o Bahamas v\u00e0 Caicos, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Yucatan thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng hondurensis ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb 12o<\/sup> \u0111\u1ebfn 16o<\/sup> v\u0129 B\u1eafc, t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Belize, Guatemala, Poptun, Guanaja, Nicaragoa. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n 460-760m, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao 460m.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean 65 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi n\u01a1i nguy\u00ean s\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 55o<\/sup> Nam \u1edf Achentina t\u1edbi 33o<\/sup> v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1eafc \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kinh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 180o<\/sup> kinh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf Fiji t\u1edbi 158o<\/sup> kinh \u0111\u1ed9 T\u00e2y \u1edf Hawaii. \u0110\u1ed9 cao v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n t\u1edbi 1200m \u1edf Zaire, 1220m \u1edf Nigeria, tr\u00ean 1820m \u1edf Uganda v\u00e0 2400m \u1edf Kenya. V\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai t\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf Guyana c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 19m \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 10, c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 c\u00e2y cao t\u1edbi 25m. \u1ede C\u00f4ng g\u00f4 – Brazaville c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a honderensis \u0111\u1ea1t t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 1,3m\/n\u0103m v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao, 2,08cm\/n\u0103m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 4; bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng bahamensis \u0111\u1ea1t 1,08 m\/n\u0103m v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 1,4 cm\/n\u0103m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 NN&PTNT c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Carwell (v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i, Ba V\u00ec); Byfiel (v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e0, Pleiku, Lang Hanh, Song M\u00e2y); Poprun 3 (v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng S\u00f4ng M\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i); Alamicamba (v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng Pleiku, Lang Hanh). C\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 sinh \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ea3i – V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, B\u00ecnh \u0110i\u1ec1n – Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

C\u00e2y m\u1eb9 l\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 15 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c tr\u00ean 18cm, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ed9 thon nh\u1ecf, t\u00e1n tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf, g\u00f3c ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 thu h\u00e1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 t\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 9, khi c\u00f3 2\/3 s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh sang m\u00e0u c\u00e1nh gi\u00e1n. Tr\u00e8o c\u00e2y h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng s\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u00f3c\u00a0 m\u00f3c qu\u1ea3, tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00e3y c\u00e0nh, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ebb c\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 thu v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng, \u1ee7 2-3 ng\u00e0y cho ch\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u01a1i \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u00e2m m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3 cho h\u1ea1t r\u01a1i ra, thu gom h\u1ea1t, s\u00e0ng x\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ea1t l\u00e9p, t\u1ea1p v\u1eadt. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u01a1i h\u1ea1t n\u01a1i r\u00e2m m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9 3-5 ng\u00e0y cho h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4, khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ea1t c\u00f2n t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 10% th\u00ec \u0111em b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t sau khi ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gieo ngay. H\u1ea1t ch\u01b0a gieo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong chum, v\u1ea1i, th\u00f9ng g\u1ed7, h\u1ed9p x\u1ed1p, \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t (b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng). N\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 l\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 5-100<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 1 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 2 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4 l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 04-TCN-42-2001.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gieo th\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng gieo ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean khay.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1ed1ng gieo ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u 30cm, ph\u01a1i \u1ea3i k\u1ef9 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch c\u1ecf v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y. M\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 0,8-1m, r\u00e3nh lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 0,5-0,6m, lu\u1ed1ng cao 10-15cm, d\u00e0i 5-10m.<\/p>\n

Khay gieo b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 0,5×0,4×0,05m, \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong khay c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf, s\u00e0ng b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t to tr\u00ean 5mm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo h\u1ea1t 5-7 ng\u00e0y phun Viben C 0,3% li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 0,3 l\u00edt\/m2<\/sup> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo h\u1ea1t 1 ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho lu\u1ed1ng gieo ho\u1eb7c khay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n th\u00ec gieo h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9-10, tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n H\u00e8 th\u00ec gieo h\u1ea1t th\u00e1ng 11-12. C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n Trung, T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam gieo h\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng (m\u00f9a m\u01b0a) t\u1eeb 6-7 th\u00e1ng, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 8-10 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p v\u1eadt, h\u1ea1t l\u00e9p trong dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm (KMnO4<\/sub>) n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,1% trong 30 ph\u00fat r\u1ed3i v\u1edbt ra r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 45-500<\/sup>C (2 s\u00f4i 3 l\u1ea1nh) t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 gi\u1edd, sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbt ra r\u1eeda chua, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ee7 trong t\u00fai v\u1ea3i, m\u1ed7i t\u00fai \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 1kg h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 h\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 400<\/sup>C. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y r\u1eeda chua b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch 400<\/sup>C \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 30% s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t nanh th\u00ec \u0111em gieo.<\/p>\n

Gieo \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c khay gieo v\u1edbi 1 kg\/5-10m2<\/sup>. Sau \u0111\u00f3, r\u1eafc m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn h\u1ea1t, ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp r\u1ea1 m\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9y tr\u00f9ng. D\u00f9ng \u00f4 doa l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c b\u00ecnh phun thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eb9. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m d\u00e0i 2-3cm (c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m h\u00ecnh que di\u00eam) th\u00ec \u0111em c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t ch\u1ed1ng chim, chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng t\u00fai b\u1ea7u Polyetylen kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 8 x 12 cm.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u <\/b>(t\u00ednh theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) g\u1ed3m: \u0110\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ef1c b\u00ec t\u1ebf gu\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i 89% (N\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay 5-10% \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ef1c b\u00ec t\u1ebf gu\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng), ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 v\u1edbi v\u00f4i) 10%, supe l\u00e2n 1%. \u0110\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf, s\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y, s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1, t\u1ea1p v\u1eadt r\u1ed3i tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 Supe l\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u <\/i><\/b>(\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng lu\u1ed1ng n\u1ec1n c\u1ee9ng)<\/i>:<\/p>\n

Lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 1m, d\u00e0i 5-10m, r\u00e3nh lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 0,6m, m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eaby s\u1ea1ch c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, san ph\u1eb3ng, n\u1ec7n ch\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh. Cho \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o 1\/3 b\u1ea7u l\u00e8n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1y b\u1ea7u, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea7u, v\u1ed7 cho \u0111\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t. B\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp s\u00e1t nhau tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eafp g\u1edd cao \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 2\/3 th\u00e2n b\u1ea7u xung quanh lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang ng\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng gieo, d\u00f9ng bay nh\u1ecf b\u1ee9ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 r\u1ec5 m\u1ea7m. D\u00f9ng que nh\u1ecdn ch\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa b\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf s\u00e2u h\u01a1n r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m v\u00e0o sao cho c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 3mm v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng que \u00e9p ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o r\u1ec5 m\u1ea7m, c\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y. Sau khi c\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u1ea9m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng c\u1ea7n che b\u00f3ng cho c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eafm r\u00e0ng r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u00e0n che 60-70% \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong th\u1eddi gian 20-30 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho c\u00e2y con v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u m\u00e1t. S\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y con. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea7u, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 3-5 l\u00edt\/m2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn 20-30 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Sau khi c\u1ea5y 5-10 ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u00e2y n\u00e0o ch\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5y d\u1eb7m ngay, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i b\u1ea7u c\u00f3 1 c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1ed5 h\u1ebft c\u1ecf trong b\u1ea7u v\u00e0 quanh lu\u1ed1ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi x\u1edbi nh\u1eb9, ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t que nh\u1ecf, s\u00e2u 5-10mm, x\u1edbi xa g\u1ed1c, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m c\u00e2y b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, trung b\u00ecnh 10-15 ng\u00e0y\/l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Sau khi c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 1th\u00e1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n v\u00f4 c\u01a1. D\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n NPK (lo\u1ea1i N:P:K = 5:10:3) h\u00f2a v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,5% \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2,5l\u00edt\/m2<\/sup>, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nhau t\u1eeb 15-20 ng\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00f4 doa l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1eeda l\u00e1 cho c\u00e2y con b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch (2,5 l\u00edt\/m2<\/sup>) \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng t\u00e1p l\u00e1. Kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng g\u1eaft, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y r\u00e2m m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c m\u01b0a ph\u00f9n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y con t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. Sau khi \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eabm n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y r\u00e2m m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u01b0a nh\u1ecf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 10-15 ng\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mang \u0111i tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i c\u00e2y con th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh r\u01a1m l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng Booc\u0111\u00f4 v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1%, li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1 l\u00edt\/4-6m2<\/sup>, phun 2 ng\u00e0y 1 l\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng Viben C n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,3% li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 0,3 l\u00edt\/m2<\/sup> phun 2 tu\u1ea7n 1 l\u1ea7n cho th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5. Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u1edbi c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng cho b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh ra kh\u1ecf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m, d\u00f9ng Viben C n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,3%, li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 0,3 l\u00edt\/m2<\/sup> phun 3 ng\u00e0y 2 l\u1ea7n cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 chu\u1ed9t, chim ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1eaby \u0111\u1ec3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn, d\u1ebf x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i th\u00ec d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c Basurin 10H ho\u1eb7c 20H tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t r\u1eafc l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\"ThongCaribe2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y con: C\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u01a1m 6-7 th\u00e1ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 8-10 th\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 0,25-0,30cm, cao 25-40cm, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh (l\u00e1 th\u1eadt) chi\u1ebfm 15-20%, xanh t\u1ed1t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng cong queo, s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ee5t ng\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1200-2000mm, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 22-25o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t <30o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t >22o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i <30o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i >12o<\/sup>C, c\u00f3 0-3 th\u00e1ng m\u01b0a \u00edt h\u01a1n 50mm, \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1-500m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u1ed1c <25o<\/sup>; lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e1m, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1eafc ma baz\u01a1 v\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t feralit m\u00f9n tr\u00ean n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 100cm, pH\u00adKCl<\/sub>=4-5.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 900-1200mm, 2000-2500mm, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m 20-22o<\/sup>C ho\u1eb7c 25-27o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t 30-34o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t 12-22o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i 32-36o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i 6-12o<\/sup>C, c\u00f3 3-5 th\u00e1ng m\u01b0a \u00edt h\u01a1n 50mm, \u0111\u1ed9 cao 500-1000m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u1ed1c 15-25o<\/sup>; lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa, \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00f3i m\u00f2n tr\u01a1 s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 50-100cm, pH\u00adKCl<\/sub> kho\u1ea3ng \u00ad3,5-4,0 ho\u1eb7c 5,0-5,5.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m <900mm ho\u1eb7c >2500mm, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m <20o<\/sup>C ho\u1eb7c >27o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t >34o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t 12<o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i cao tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i >36o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i <6o<\/sup>C, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 5 th\u00e1ng m\u01b0a \u00edt h\u01a1n 50mm, \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean >1000m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh d\u1ed1c >25o<\/sup>; lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e8n trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e8n n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111en, \u0111\u1ea5t than b\u00f9n, \u0111\u1ea5t thung l\u0169ng d\u1ed1c t\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t <50cm, pH\u00adKCl<\/sub> n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng \u00ad<3,5 ho\u1eb7c >5,5.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c b\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ecf xen c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c; c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i xen c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i c\u00f3 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng Th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea chi\u1ebfm\u00a0 24,4%, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng 30,1%, \u00edt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p 45,5%.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u0103ng c\u1ea3n l\u1eeda theo quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng, r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eebng d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y kh\u00e1c (QPN 8-86 ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 801\/Q\u0110 ng\u00e0y 26\/9\/1986 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p). B\u0103ng c\u1ea3n l\u1eeda g\u1ed3m b\u0103ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u0103ng nh\u00e1nh, b\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nhau 1-2km, b\u0103ng nh\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch nhau 500-1000m. B\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 8-20m, b\u0103ng nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 6-12m.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi 15o<\/sup>, b\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f3 ch\u00ednh trong m\u00f9a d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng. N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c tr\u00ean 15o<\/sup>, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u0103ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

B\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n giao nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y xanh c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3i m\u1ea1nh, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 k\u00fd ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng: R\u1eebng l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn tr\u1ed3ng 1100 c\u00e2y\/ha (c\u1ef1 ly 3x 3m) ho\u1eb7c 1300 c\u00e2y\/ha (c\u1ef1 ly 3×2,5m). R\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 1660 c\u00e2y\/ha (c\u1ef1 ly 2x3m) ho\u1eb7c 2000 c\u00e2y\/ha (c\u1ef1 ly 2×2,5m).<\/p>\n

Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c Xu\u00e2n h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 2-7), mi\u1ec1n Trung, T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng 20-30 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i th\u1ef1c b\u00ec x\u1ea5u, th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 250<\/sup>, th\u1ef1c b\u00ec d\u00e0y r\u1eadm, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t s\u00e1t g\u1ed1c, b\u0103m th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 250<\/sup>, th\u1ef1c b\u00ec d\u00e0y r\u1eadm, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t theo b\u0103ng song song v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c, b\u0103ng ch\u1eb7t r\u1ed9ng1,5m, b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng 1-1,5m, th\u1ef1c b\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ecdn x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 150<\/sup>, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y c\u00e0y ng\u1ea7m theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c, sau \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 30x30x30cm tr\u00ean r\u00e3nh c\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 150<\/sup> ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e0y ng\u1ea7m th\u00ec cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 40x40x40 cm, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 sang m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda, nh\u1eb7t b\u1ecf g\u1ed1c, r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u00f3n l\u00f3t m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1 100-200 gam Supe l\u00e2n, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00f3n th\u00eam 200 gam ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh ho\u1eb7c 1kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai. G\u1ea1t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean 2-3cm. Th\u1eddi gian b\u00f3n l\u00f3t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i xong tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 10-15 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m 1 \u0111\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ed1c x\u1ebfp c\u00e2y, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u, d\u1eadp n\u00e1t, g\u00e3y ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ee9ng, b\u1ed1c, x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng ngay, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp \u1edf n\u01a1i r\u00e2m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00e2m m\u00e1t, m\u01b0a nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea3i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng h\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng, c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea3i ra h\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ebft trong ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c bay \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n b\u1ea7u 1-2cm \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa h\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea1ch b\u1ecf v\u1ecf b\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y con th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa h\u1ed1, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u01a1i \u1edf l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed1, l\u00e8n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh b\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vun th\u00eam \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u00e2m x\u00f4i, cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 3-5cm.<\/p>\n

Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 20-30 ng\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1edbi 85% ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m, n\u1ebfu tr\u00ean 85% ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Sau 1 n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t 85% th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con c\u1ee7a n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u1eebng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 10. Ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, x\u1edbi c\u1ecf, vun g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y r\u1ed9ng 0,8m. R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n H\u00e8 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 1 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a:\u00a0 Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 1 l\u1ea7n\u00a0 nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n 2 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 3 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c b\u00ec to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, x\u1edbi c\u1ecf, vun g\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng 0,8m. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00f3n th\u00fac 100 gam ph\u00e2n NPK (lo\u1ea1i N:P:K = 5:10:3) cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y, ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh 04TCN 89-2006 – quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y, ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 NN&PTNT.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng (04-TCN-27-2001).<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5m ch\u0103n th\u1ea3 gia s\u00fac trong 3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sau tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. <\/i><\/b>L\u1eadp c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o c\u1ea5m ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eeda trong r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,45-0,47, s\u1ee3i dai, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y 48%, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y, l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb, g\u1ed7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, g\u1ed7 tr\u1ee5 m\u1ecf, v\u00e1n d\u00e1n, v\u00e1n \u00e9p, v\u00e1n \u1ed1p t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3ng conten\u01a1, l\u00e0m c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ed9t nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t. V\u1ecf c\u00e2y chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10% tanin. Nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1n, gi\u1ea5y. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00edch nh\u1ef1a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khai th\u00e1c ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Khi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y giao t\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a. <\/b>R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a 3 l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i theo c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

L\u1ea7n 1 (8-10 tu\u1ed5i)<\/p>\n

(c\u00e2y\/ha)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

L\u1ea7n 2 (14-16 tu\u1ed5i)<\/p>\n

(c\u00e2y\/ha)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

L\u1ea7n 3 (20-22 tu\u1ed5i)<\/p>\n

(c\u00e2y\/ha)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

T\u1ed1t (I)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

900-1100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

600-700<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

350-450<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Trung b\u00ecnh (II)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1000-1200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

700-800<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

400-500<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

X\u1ea5u (III)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1100-1200<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

800-900<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

450-550<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf th\u00ec t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y r\u1eebng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9a ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a 1 l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n 1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u00e0i t\u1ec9a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, b\u1ecb ch\u00e8n \u00e9p, c\u1ee5t ng\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng. Ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1eb7t, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y s\u00e1t g\u1ed1c, h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e2y gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t 3 c\u00e2y li\u1ec1n nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2y gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u trong r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Malaixia, Th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn v\u00e0 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh 17m3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00dac c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hondurensis \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 10 cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 22m3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 9,5 c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng caribaea \u0111\u1ea1t 16-18 m3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7ng bahamensis \u0111\u1ea1t 14,8 m3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TH\u00d4NG CARIB\u00ca T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Pinus caribaea Morelet H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Th\u00f4ng (Pinaceae) 1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i Th\u00f4ng carib\u00ea l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i l\u00e1 kim, th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh, c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao t\u1edbi 30-45m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 60-80 cm. Th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n, th\u1eb3ng, v\u1ecf n\u1ee9t s\u00e2u. C\u00e0nh m\u00e0u n\u00e2u – da cam, sau chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh n\u00e2u x\u00e1m. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13335"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13335"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13339,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13335\/revisions\/13339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}