{"id":13196,"date":"2014-07-09T14:43:01","date_gmt":"2014-07-09T07:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13196"},"modified":"2014-07-04T15:10:41","modified_gmt":"2014-07-04T08:10:41","slug":"bao-cao-tom-tat-de-tai-nghien-cuu-bao-ton-nguon-gen-cay-rung-giai-doan-2006-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/bao-cao-tom-tat-de-tai-nghien-cuu-bao-ton-nguon-gen-cay-rung-giai-doan-2006-2010\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng-giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010"},"content":{"rendered":"

TS. Ph\u00ed H\u1ed3ng H\u1ea3i<\/em><\/p>\n

I. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 30% s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam (N.N.Th\u00ecn 1997). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 12.000 t\u1edbi 15.000 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 7.000 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft (Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh L\u00fd 1993). Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u00e0m l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, nguy\u00ean nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00e2y c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c. Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u00ecnh L\u00fd (1993) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kho\u1ea3ng 1.900 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta thu\u1ed9c g\u1ea7n 1.000 chi.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, khai th\u00e1c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng, du canh du c\u01b0, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eebng qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm \u0111ang b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c, ch\u1eb7t h\u1ea1 tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p n\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. N\u0103m 1996, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 356 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng (S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1996), th\u00ec con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 450 lo\u00e0i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2008 (S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam 2007). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1998, Vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng<\/b>–giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010<\/b>\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

\"M\u1ee1<\/a><\/p>\n

2. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm\/gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau: (1) T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda; (2) T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n gen qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i; (3) T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng; (4) T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n gen cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i: (1) Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt; (2) Thu h\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1eabu gi\u1ed1ng; (3) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex situ<\/i>; (4) T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3; (5) Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, theo d\u00f5i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1eddn s\u01b0u t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2001-2005; (6) Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u00e2m hom v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 thu h\u00e1i b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t; (7) Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

3. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong><\/p>\n

3.1 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: Th\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf, Th\u00f4ng P\u00e0 C\u00f2, P\u01a1 mu, B\u00e1ch xanh, B\u00e1ch xanh \u0111\u00e1, Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9, D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i, D\u1ea7u song n\u00e0ng, D\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdt t\u00edm, Ki\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1n, V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, Re g\u1eebng, S\u01b0a, \u01af\u01a1i, Chi\u00eau li\u00eau ngh\u1ec7, Gi\u1ed5i xanh, Gi\u1ed5i \u0103n qu\u1ea3, X\u1ea1 \u0111en, Song m\u1eadt, Th\u00f4ng hai l\u00e1 d\u1eb9t, Sao l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh tim, Sao m\u1ea1ng, C\u1ea9m li\u00ean, C\u1ea9m lai, v\u00e0 Gi\u1ed5i b\u00e0. T\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u1eebng n\u1ed9i d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

3.2 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ho\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean gia, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n linh ho\u1ea1t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh danh c\u00e2y r\u1eebng. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u00e0 IUCN \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u0103m 2001 v\u00e0 2008, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (1996 v\u00e0 2007) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e0nh L\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e1c \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1eadp 1 \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 2500 m2<\/sup> v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1eadp 5 \u00f4 ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u00e1i sinh. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 IV, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 N\/D v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong \u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea sinh h\u1ecdc trong l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Excel v\u00e0 Statgraphics (B\u1ea3o Huy, 2008).<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng PCR \u2013 RAPD, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng PCR \u2013 SSR, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1eaft enzyme h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nei v\u00e0 Li (1979) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Dice ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m UPGMA. L\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh c\u00e2y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh (r) cao nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh NTSYSpc 2.0. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng (IAA, IBA, NAA) v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 (xu\u00e2n, h\u1ea1, thu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Kh\u1ea3 (2003). Trong nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, th\u1eddi gian kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i sinh ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb Mai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 (2004). C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi 2 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Thomsen v\u00e0 Stubsgaard (1998).<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m lo\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00ean lo\u00e0i, ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft di truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Th\u00f4ng qua kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\/c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i, thu h\u00e1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

4.1 \u0110i\u1ec1u tra, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, 53 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 33 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n n\u0103ng g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a, 2004). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c khu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u1eadp trung \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft cho 5 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim, trong \u0111\u00f3 Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 R\u1ea5t nguy c\u1ea5p (CR); P\u01a1 mu, B\u00e1ch xanh, B\u00e1ch xanh \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf P\u00e0 C\u00f2 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Nguy hi\u1ec3m (EN) (IUCN, 2008). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra cho th\u1ea5y Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 1500m, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Tr\u1ecdng, \u0110\u01a1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 250 c\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c l\u00e1, c\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1edf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t taxol. Th\u00f4ng P\u00e0 C\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf 2 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i Hang Kia \u2013 P\u00e0 C\u00f2 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u00edt (<20 c\u00e2y\/qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c Th\u00e0i Ph\u00ecn T\u1ee7ng \u2013 \u0110\u1ed3ng V\u0103n \u2013 H\u00e0 Giang. B\u00e1ch xanh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i Mang Linh, Datanla, \u0110ar\u01a1cao \u2013 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, Hang c\u1ecdp \u2013 Tr\u1ea1i M\u00e1t \u2013 H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, Ba V\u00ec \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. B\u00e1ch xanh \u0111\u00e1 tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i Na R\u00ec \u2013 B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i Phong Nha \u2013 K\u1ebb B\u00e0ng \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh (tr\u00ean 5000 ha). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t 2 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i Na R\u00ec v\u00e0 Phong Nha.<\/p>\n

Theo IUCN (2008), m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0 D\u1ea7u song n\u00e0ng v\u00e0 D\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdt t\u00edm \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 CR; Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 Ki\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c EN. Ri\u00eang D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda NT. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra cho th\u1ea5y D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda Nam (nh\u01b0 C\u00e1t Ti\u00ean, B\u00f9 Gia M\u1eadp, Yokdon; T\u00e2n Ph\u00fa, B\u00ecnh Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eedu), nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p (5-7 c\u00e2y\/qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3). D\u1ea7u song n\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai (C\u00e1t Ti\u00ean, M\u00e3 \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 T\u00e2n Ph\u00fa), v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (70-75 c\u00e2y\/ha), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng. D\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdt t\u00edm hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n n\u00fai B\u00e0 N\u00e0 \u2013 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, n\u00fai Kim Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam. C\u00e2y c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 700 m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a D\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdt t\u00edm c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (30 c\u00e2y\/ha), th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 D\u1ea7u song n\u00e0ng. Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i L\u1ee5c Y\u00ean \u2013 Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, Na Hang \u2013 Tuy\u00ean Quang, Xu\u00e2n S\u01a1n \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, C\u00fac ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Ninh B\u00ecnh, B\u1ebfn En \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a, Ph\u00f9 M\u00e1t \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An. C\u00e2y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong r\u1eebng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y m\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2y con sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Ki\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c hay m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1m nh\u1ecf \u1edf Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf (B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3, A l\u01b0\u1edbi), Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (Hi\u00ean), \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc (\u0110\u1eafc Min, L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng (Di Linh), v\u00e0 Ki\u00ean Giang (Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c). Ki\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1n \u0111ang b\u1ecb khai th\u00e1c tr\u1ed9m kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 r\u1eebng t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m lo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c khu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eb1m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sao n\u00e0y v\u00e0cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i 40 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda\u201d (Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a, 1999) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim v\u00e0 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ea7u, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1ed5 xung v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 10 lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda cao (V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u1ea5p song c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 \u01af\u01a1i, Gi\u1ed5i xanh, Gi\u1ed5i \u0103n qu\u1ea3, Chi\u00eau li\u00eau ngh\u1ec7, Re g\u1eebng, S\u01b0a, X\u1ea1 \u0111en, C\u1ea9m li\u00ean v\u00e0 Song m\u1eadt. R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u1eeba g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

4.2\u00a0 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 trong lo\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf 45 \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 2500 m2<\/sup> cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: P\u01a1 mu (L\u00e0o Cai, L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng), Ki\u1ec1n ki\u1ec1n (Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf), Chi\u00eau li\u00eau ngh\u1ec7 (\u0110\u1eafk L\u1eafc), Song m\u1eadt (\u0110\u1ed3ng Nai), Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf (L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng), Th\u00f4ng P\u00e0 C\u00f2 (H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh), Th\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t (L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, Gia Lai), B\u00e1ch xanh \u0111\u00e1 (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh), B\u00e1ch xanh (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), Gi\u1ed5i xanh (Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, Thanh H\u00f3a, Gia Lai) v\u00e0 Re g\u1eebng (Thanh H\u00f3a v\u00e0 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

4.3 Thu th\u1eadp ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Thu th\u1eadp ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan. Cho t\u1edbi nay, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 18 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 265 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a cho 22 lo\u00e0i, v\u1edbi 16.980 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t, c\u00e2y con t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh hom. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kinh ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. 3134 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a 11 lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, 6 lo\u00e0i Keo, 4 lo\u00e0i Th\u00f4ng, 1 lo\u00e0i Phi lao, L\u00e1t hoa, Xoan ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, Gi\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, S\u01a1n ta, T\u1ebfch v\u00e0 C\u1ea9m li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong kho h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, bao g\u1ed3m 89 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 22,75 ha qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ<\/i> c\u1ee7a 22 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i Ba V\u00ec \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Xu\u00e2n S\u01a1n \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, B\u1ebfn En \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a, M\u0103ng Linh \u2013 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, \u0110akplao \u2013 \u0110\u1eafk N\u00f4ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ed5 xung v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 62,2 ha qu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc (2000-2005). Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng 62,7 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

4.4 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t C\u1ea9m lai b\u00e0 r\u1ecba cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 49,3%. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1000 h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 650g. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a C\u1ea9m lai b\u00e0 r\u1ecba kh\u00e1 cao (93,8%). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ea1t C\u1ea9m lai b\u00e0 r\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 \u1edf Gi\u1ed5i \u0103n qu\u1ea3 (Nguy\u1ec5n Huy S\u01a1n, 2007). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef h\u1ea1t trong t\u00fai nylon b\u1ecbt k\u00edn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh -300<\/sup>C. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef n\u00e0y h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1t 41%. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 58,9%. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1000 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 18,96 g. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m ban \u0111\u1ea7u sau thu h\u00e1i l\u00e0 90,7%. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m h\u1ea1t cho th\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 50%. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 -300<\/sup>C, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef tr\u00ean 2 th\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 ra hoa v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1000 h\u1ea1t, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7n cho 13 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

4.5\u00a0 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n trong lo\u00e0i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 trong m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010, 4 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 (Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, Ninh B\u00ecnh, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh v\u00e0 Gia Lai) c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i Gi\u1ed5i xanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 trong t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng 15 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb RAPD v\u00e0 5 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p.\u00a0 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Gi\u1ed1i xanh l\u00e0 cao. Trong 19 m\u1eabu tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a 95 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 4 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Gi\u1ed5i xanh th\u00ec h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0,57-0,95. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 5 m\u1eabu thu t\u1eeb Gia Lai l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, hay c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thu c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb H\u00e0 T\u0129nh n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thu t\u1eeb Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 Ninh B\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o 1 nh\u00f3m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i Xu\u00e2n S\u01a1n \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 Gi\u1ed5i \u0103n qu\u1ea3. V\u1edbi lo\u00e0i P\u01a1 mu, khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 25 m\u1eabu tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a 100 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, L\u00e0o Cai v\u00e0 H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, cho th\u1ea5y 25 m\u1eabu n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m 2 nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 sai kh\u00e1c di truy\u1ec1n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0,876 \u2013 1,0. Nh\u00e1nh I ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1eabu thu t\u1ea1i L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng. Nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh II bao g\u1ed3m 24 m\u1eabu c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a P\u01a1 mu r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i B\u00e1ch xanh, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng di truy\u1ec1n Dice c\u1ee7a 20 m\u1eabu tr\u1ed9n t\u1eeb 100 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n thu t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0,69 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,0. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng di truy\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m 3 nh\u00f3m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u00f3m I t\u1eadp trung c\u1ea3 7 m\u1eabu thu t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, nh\u00f3m II g\u1ed3m 7 m\u1eabu thu t\u1ea1i L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m III g\u1ed3m 6 m\u1eabu thu t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n lo\u00e0i B\u00e1ch xanh c\u1ea7n thu th\u1eadp \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 Ba V\u00ec v\u00e0 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng. Lo\u00e0i B\u00e1ch xanh t\u1ea1i Phong Nha K\u1ebb B\u00e0ng \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i B\u00e1ch xanh \u0111\u00e1 (Calocedrus <\/i>rupetris<\/i>), v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi 2400 ha tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 650m-700m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n (Phan K\u1ebf L\u1ed9c, 2009), n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in situ<\/i> cho qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i Gi\u1ed5i xanh, khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 18 m\u1eabu tr\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a 90 c\u00e2y c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 thu t\u1eeb Tuy\u00ean Quang, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, v\u00e0 Ninh B\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m 02 nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh I duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1eabu TH6 thu t\u1ea1i Thanh Ho\u00e1. Nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh II bao g\u1ed3m 17 m\u1eabu c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 02 nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5 II.1 v\u00e0 II.2. Nh\u01b0ng, t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n gen cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

4.6 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u00edt, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 thu h\u00e1i\u00a0 h\u1ea1t n\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a nhanh lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Trong 5 n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 B\u00e1ch xanh, V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, S\u01b0a, X\u1ea1 \u0111en, v\u00e0 Gi\u1ed5i xanh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e2m hom v\u00e0 m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 gi\u00e2m hom t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho 4 lo\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i Gi\u1ed5i xanh v\u00e0 Gi\u1ed5i \u0103n qu\u1ea3, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m hom \u1edf v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 v s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c IBA \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1% s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi S\u01b0a, m\u00f9a gi\u00e2m hom t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n. Thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c IAA 2%. Tuy nhi\u00ean so kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hom gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAA, IBA \u1edf 1-1,5% hay thu\u1ed1c IAA 2% khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m hom \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi X\u1ea1 \u0111en, m\u00f9a gi\u00e2m hom t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho X\u1ea1 \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u00f9a Thu. Thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c IBA n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 0,5- 2%. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, thu\u1ed1c IAA \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1,5% cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1t 80%. Lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c IBA ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 tr\u00ean t\u1eeb 40-60%, \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e2m hom cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4 cho V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010. Tuy ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng HgCl2<\/sub>0,1%, th\u1eddi gian kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 ph\u00fat; th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5-8, v\u1ee5 h\u00e8; m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i sinh ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng MS v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

4.7 T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n th\u1ea1c s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. \u00a0B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh hoa qu\u1ea3 cho g\u1ea7n 105 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y l\u00ean Website c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e3 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a tr\u00ean m\u00e1y vi t\u00ednh danh s\u00e1ch 3134 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a 11 lo\u00e0i B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e0n, 6 lo\u00e0i Keo, 4 lo\u00e0i Th\u00f4ng, 1 lo\u00e0i Phi lao, L\u00e1t hoa, Xoan ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, Gi\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, S\u01a1n ta, T\u1ebfch, Lim xanh, Gi\u00e1ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u00e1ch xanh, Th\u00f4ng hai l\u00e1 d\u1eb9t v\u00e0 C\u1ea9m li\u00ean.<\/p>\n

5. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 11 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i \u1edf 45 \u00f4 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (2500m2<\/sup>). \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1053 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00e1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00e3 thu h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 394 l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a 18 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 265 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a 22 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e0nh hom c\u1ee7a 50 c\u00e2y c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 5 c\u00e2y Th\u00f4ng P\u00f2 C\u00f2, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. 22,7 ha khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Thanh H\u00f3a v\u00e0 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m h\u1eadu th\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau nay. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t kho h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef 3134 l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi t\u00ednh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho t\u1eebng l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh hoa qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 105 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, 3134 l\u00f4 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho 89 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 ra hoa v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1000 h\u1ea1t, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7n ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7n cho 13 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n gen v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 trong m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho 4 lo\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u1ed5i xanh v\u00e0 Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1 cao. Trong khi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a P\u01a1 mu v\u00e0 B\u00e1ch xanh l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p ch\u01b0a ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Gi\u1ed5i xanh v\u00e0 Gi\u1ed5i \u0103n qu\u1ea3, B\u00e1ch xanh v\u00e0 B\u00e1ch xanh \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e2m hom v\u00e0 m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 gi\u00e2m hom \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u1ea3 4 lo\u00e0i. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u00a0 l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i Gi\u1ed5i \u0103n qu\u1ea3, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u00e2m hom \u1edf v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 v s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c IBA \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1% s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi S\u01b0a, m\u00f9a gi\u00e2m hom t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n. Thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c IAA 2%; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi X\u1ea1 \u0111en, m\u00f9a gi\u00e2m hom t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho X\u1ea1 \u0111en l\u00e0 m\u00f9a Thu. Thu\u1ed1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c IBA n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 0,5- 2%; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, thu\u1ed1c IAA \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1,5% cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1t 80%. Lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c IBA ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ra r\u1ec5 tr\u00ean t\u1eeb 40-60%, \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e2m hom cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 cho V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho V\u00f9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng MS. C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh l\u00fd h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng cho Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 C\u1ea9m lai b\u00e0 r\u1ecba kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 C\u1ea9m lai b\u00e0 r\u1ecba l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Sau khi thu h\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em gieo ngay l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00f2 ch\u1ec9, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gieo ngay th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh trong v\u00f2ng 15 ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u1ea9m lai b\u00e0 r\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00fat \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n -300<\/sup>C trong v\u00f2ng 1-2 th\u00e1ng. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng 62,7 ha r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

6 Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 5 n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n s\u1edbm x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao (26 lo\u00e0i). V\u00ec v\u1eady, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111i v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t cho t\u1eebng lo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u00e2u cho 5-7 lo\u00e0i. B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen trong c\u00e1c kho l\u1ea1nh, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00f4 hom v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ed7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9-h\u1eadu th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 1996. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ea7n Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. 484 trang.<\/li>\n
  2. B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 2007. S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ea7n Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. 611 trang.<\/li>\n
  3. Nguy\u1ec5n Ngh\u0129a Th\u00ecn, 1997. C\u1ea9m nang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh v\u1eadt. Nxb N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: 223<\/li>\n
  4. IUCN, 2001. Red List Categories and Criteria, version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland. 32pp.<\/li>\n
  5. IUCN, 2008. Red List Categories and Criteria, version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland.<\/li>\n
  6. B\u1ea3o Huy, 2009. Tin h\u1ecdc th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. 64 trang<\/li>\n
  7. Nei M, Li WH (1979), \u201cMathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction and nucleases\u201d, Proc. Natl. Sci.<\/i> 76: 5269-5273.<\/li>\n
  8. L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Kh\u1ea3, 2003. Ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/li>\n
  9. \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb Mai, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb M\u1ef9 H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc, Tr\u1ea7n Thanh H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0103n Thu Huy\u1ec1n, 2009. Nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng Keo lai m\u1edbi ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea1o. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ed1 2\/2009, trang 905 – 910.<\/li>\n
  10. 10.\u00a0 <\/i>Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng Ngh\u0129a, 2004. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u00e1 kim \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 148 trang.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Kirsten Thomsen and Finn Stubsgaard, 1998. Easyguide to controlling seed moisture during seed procurement, Danida Forest Seed Centre. Krogerupvej 21 DK-3050 Humlebek. Denmark.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    TS. Ph\u00ed H\u1ed3ng H\u1ea3i I. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 30% s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam (N.N.Th\u00ecn 1997). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 12.000 t\u1edbi 15.000 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13196"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13196"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13215,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13196\/revisions\/13215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}