{"id":13169,"date":"2014-07-08T11:11:49","date_gmt":"2014-07-08T04:11:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13169"},"modified":"2014-07-04T14:38:56","modified_gmt":"2014-07-04T07:38:56","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-loi-tho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-loi-tho\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng L\u00f5i th\u1ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"

LO\u0303I THO\u0323<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa ho\u0323c: Gmelina arborea <\/i>Roxb.<\/p>\n

ho\u0103\u0323c Gmelina rheedii <\/i>Hook.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u0323c v\u00e2\u0323t: C\u1ecf roi ng\u1ef1a (Verbenaceae)<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 cao 20-22m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c 30-40cm. Th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, khi non v\u1ecf m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, khi gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m nh\u1ea1t, bong m\u1ea3ng. C\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc, v\u1ecf nh\u1eb5n m\u00e0u x\u00e1m tro c\u00f3 b\u00ec kh\u1ed5ng \u0111en. L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n, nguy\u00ean, m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i xoan ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng, \u0111u\u00f4i l\u00e1 nh\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn. M\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00e0u th\u1eabm, m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e0u tro b\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 3-5 g\u00e2n g\u1ed1c, g\u00e2n b\u00ean 3-4 \u0111\u00f4i n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 \u1edf m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e1, c\u00e1c g\u00e2n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111en, cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 d\u00e0i 2-5cm.<\/p>\n

Hoa t\u1ef1 vi\u00ean ch\u00f9y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f4ng v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, nhi\u1ec1u xim ng\u1eafn. Hoa to c\u00f3 l\u00e1 b\u1eafc h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00e1nh hoa m\u00e0u t\u00edm v\u00e0ng \u1edf g\u1ed1c. Qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ch h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng, m\u1eadp, b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1,5-2cm c\u00f3 1-2 h\u1ea1t. M\u00f9a hoa t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5-6, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11-12.<\/p>\n

\"Loi<\/a><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ecdc h\u1ed7n giao trong r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u1edf v\u00e0nh \u0111ai \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 500-600m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 100-200m so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u01afa \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, s\u00e2u, d\u00e0y, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01a1i chua ho\u1eb7c \u00edt chua, \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nai, phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch mica.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2y \u01b0a sang, r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e8 ra l\u00e1 non, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdc nhanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Philippin, In\u0111\u00f4n\u00eaxia, L\u00e0o, Th\u00e1i Lan.<\/p>\n

L\u00f5i th\u1ecd m\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng trung du v\u00e0 n\u00fai th\u1ea5p \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc cho t\u1edbi T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, m\u1ecdc l\u1eabn v\u1edbi Gi\u1ebb, Tr\u00e1m, Ch\u1eb9o, V\u1ea1ng, C\u1ed3ng, S\u1eefa,\u2026 g\u1eb7p \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Tuy\u00ean Quang, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, B\u1eafc Giang. C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Trung B\u1ed9 \u00edt g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u01b0a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb 700m tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng. Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1100-2000 mm, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh 20-240<\/sup>C. L\u00f5i th\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t feralit n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf, n\u00e2u x\u00e1m, \u00edt chua, gi\u00e0u m\u00f9n.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 theo m\u00f9a, th\u00e1ng 12 r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 3. Th\u00e1ng 3-4 ra l\u00e1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ra hoa. L\u00f5i th\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng hom \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. L\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, m\u1ecdc nhanh.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

Thu h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 \u01b0u tr\u1ed9i tr\u00ean 10 tu\u1ed5iv\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1-2 \u0111em ph\u01a1i n\u1eafng kh\u00f4. C\u1ea5t gi\u1eef h\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong h\u00f2m g\u1ed7 hay chum, l\u1ecd s\u00e0nh, s\u1ee9 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng. M\u1ed9t kg h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1700-1900 h\u1ea1t. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m khi m\u1edbi thu h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1t 60-70%. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong kho l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng 70-800<\/sup>C trong 5-6 gi\u1edd sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbt ra gieo.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng gieo h\u1ea1t th\u1eb3ng, hay b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con r\u1ec5 tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u. H\u1ea1t sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd, gieo l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n. Lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0y b\u1eeba k\u1ef9, t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con r\u1ec5 tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gieo h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3n l\u00f3t 5-6 kg\/m2<\/sup> ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 hoai. Gieo theo r\u1ea1ch c\u00e1ch nhau 20-25cm, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t k\u00edn h\u1ea1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u1ecf, ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng, t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5y c\u00e2y m\u1ea1 v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n. K\u00edch c\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u 6-7cm, 14-15cm, v\u1ecf b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng Polyetylen, ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea7ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai c\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n 8-10% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7 hoai v\u1edbi 1-2% supe l\u00e2n. T\u01b0\u1edbi, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng r\u1ec5 tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3-4 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 7 trong n\u0103m. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y con \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 4-5 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao 15-20cm ho\u1eb7c 10-12 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao 25-30cm.<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng L\u00f5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c b\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch, \u1edf n\u01a1i d\u00e0y r\u1eadm qu\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed7,\u2026 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 30x30x30cm. N\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng xen \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 40x40x40cm.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 1000c\u00e2y\/ha v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly 5x2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n (2000 c\u00e2y\/ha v\u01a1i c\u1ef1 ly 2,5x2m ho\u1eb7c 2500 c\u00e2y\/ha v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly 2x2m) \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trung gian v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n H\u00e8 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 h\u00e8 thu t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong 3 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau khi tr\u1ed3ng;<\/p>\n

N\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u: 2 l\u1ea7n n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n H\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c 1 l\u1ea7n n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 H\u00e8 Thu. Th\u1eddi gian ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng c\u00e2y con x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vun g\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai: 3 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba: 1 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9a th\u01b0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i 6-7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y t\u1ea1p m\u1ecdc nhanh l\u1ea5n \u00e1t v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f2n 500-800 c\u00e2y\/ha.<\/p>\n

\"Loi<\/a><\/p>\n

5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i x\u00e1m, gi\u00e1c l\u00f5i \u00edt ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,698, m\u1ecbn, m\u1ec1m, d\u1ec5 c\u01b0a x\u1ebb, gia c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, x\u1ebb v\u00e1n, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ec7n, kh\u1eafc, g\u1ed7 b\u00f3c, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y. Khi gi\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb r\u1ed7ng ru\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh r\u1eebng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LO\u0303I THO\u0323 T\u00ean khoa ho\u0323c: Gmelina arborea Roxb. ho\u0103\u0323c Gmelina rheedii Hook. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u0323c v\u00e2\u0323t: C\u1ecf roi ng\u1ef1a (Verbenaceae) 1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 cao 20-22m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngang ng\u1ef1c 30-40cm. Th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, khi non v\u1ecf m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, khi gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m nh\u1ea1t, bong m\u1ea3ng. C\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc, v\u1ecf nh\u1eb5n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13169"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13169"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13172,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13169\/revisions\/13172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}