{"id":13129,"date":"2014-07-01T11:06:59","date_gmt":"2014-07-01T04:06:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13129"},"modified":"2014-06-16T11:11:56","modified_gmt":"2014-06-16T04:11:56","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-lim-xanh-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-lim-xanh-2\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Lim xanh"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: Lim<\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Erythrophleum fordii<\/i> Oliver<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Vang (Caesalpiniaceae)<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 37-45m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 khi t\u1edbi 2-2,5m, th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh. G\u1ed1c c\u00f3 b\u1ea1nh v\u00e8, th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh l\u1edbn, t\u00e1n l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh \u00f4, d\u00e0y, r\u1ed9ng. V\u1ecf m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, bong v\u1ea3y l\u1edbn, khi non c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ec kh\u1ed5ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 k\u00e9p l\u00f4ng chim 2 l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi 3-5 \u0111\u00f4i cu\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed1ng mang 9-15 l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i xoan, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn, g\u1ed1c tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

Hoa t\u1ef1 k\u00e9p h\u00ecnh b\u00f4ng, d\u00e0i 20-30cm, hoa nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng xanh.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ed7n d\u00e0i 20cm, r\u1ed9ng 3-4cm, c\u00f3 6-14 h\u1ea1t. H\u1ea1t d\u1eb9t m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111en, x\u1ebfp l\u1ee3p l\u00ean nhau, c\u00f3 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t s\u1eebng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1eafc n\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

\"Lim<\/a><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111ai th\u1ea5p v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1500-3000 mm\/n\u0103m, t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, B\u1eafc Giang, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, Ho\u00e0 B\u00ecnh, Thanh Ho\u00e1, Ngh\u1ec7 An, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Hu\u1ebf, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam t\u1edbi B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn. L\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, l\u00fac non ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3ng, l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u00ednh \u01b0a s\u00e1ng c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng. Lim xanh \u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t feralit \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng, t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea7ng d\u00e0y, \u1ea9m m\u00e1t, c\u00f2n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, t\u00e1i sinh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng r\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che 0,3-0,7, t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n h\u1ea1t. S\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7n giao v\u1edbi S\u1ed3i, Gi\u1ebb, Tr\u00e1m tr\u0103\u0301ng, Sau sau, S\u0103ng l\u1ebb, G\u1ed9i, Tr\u00e2m,…<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

Thu h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e2y 15 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Ra hoa th\u00e1ng 3-6, h\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn c\u00f3 v\u1ecf m\u00e0u n\u00e2u th\u1eabm v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10-12, khi c\u00f3 5-10% s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3 n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t r\u1ee5ng. \u1ee6 qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng, 2-3 ng\u00e0y cho ch\u00edn r\u1ed3i ph\u01a1i 2-3 ng\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch h\u1ea1t. C\u1ea5t tr\u1eef h\u1ea1t n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 m\u00e1t trong 1-2 n\u0103m. H\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ea7n 90-95%, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc 8-9%, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m 80-90%, c\u00f3 1.100-1.300 h\u1ea1t\/kg.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc 60-800<\/sup>C trong 10-12 gi\u1edd, r\u1eeda l\u1edbp keo quanh h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 14-16 gi\u1edd r\u1ed3i \u0111em gieo.<\/p>\n

Gieo h\u1ea1t trong b\u1ea7u, v\u1ecf b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng polyetylen c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 8-10cm, cao 12-15cm, th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 xung quanh. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m 80% d\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t + 20% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai t\u00ednh theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch. Ho\u1eb7c gieo tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y con \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng: C\u00e2y \u01b0\u01a1m 16-18 th\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao 30-40cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 0,6-0,8cm. Th\u00e2n c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e1 g\u1ed7, c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng cong queo, c\u1ee5t ng\u1ecdn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t feralit ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ed1c t\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 400-500m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Lim xanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ed3ng sau:<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c gieo h\u1ea1t th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n giao theo r\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi Tr\u00e1m tr\u1eafng, Qu\u1ebf, H\u1ed3i,… tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3ng c\u1ecf, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ed5 sung theo \u0111\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c theo r\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng Lim xanh v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n (th\u00e1ng 2-4) ho\u1eb7c h\u00e8 thu (th\u00e1ng 5-7).<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n giao v\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c: 555 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 3x6m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ed5 sung theo \u0111\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c theo r\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c: 330 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 10x3m theo r\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u1ef1 ly 2x2m \u0111\u1ebfn 3x3m theo \u0111\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, ph\u00e1t r\u1ea1ch tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9ng 2-3m, b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng 5-10m. D\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, g\u1ed1c ch\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cao qu\u00e1 10cm. Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u00ean r\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea1ch ch\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 2-3 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0o h\u1ed1 40x40x40cm, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa 2 r\u1ea1ch theo nanh s\u1ea5u. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng 1 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10-15 ng\u00e0y. Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u01b0a nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c r\u00e2m m\u00e1t, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ed1 theo h\u00ecnh mai r\u00f9a, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1, c\u1ecf l\u1eabn trong \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t th\u1eb3ng, m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1 gieo 3-4 h\u1ea1t, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y 1-1,5cm. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e2y che b\u00f3ng trong b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che 50% \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t d\u00e2y leo, c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 lim xanh b\u1ecb ph\u01a1i tr\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y che c\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e8n l\u1ea5n. Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, l\u00e0m c\u00e2y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, gi\u1eef \u1ea9m, ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng. Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a. Tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf d\u00e2y leo, c\u00e2y ch\u00e8n \u00e9p, x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p vun quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y r\u1ed9ng 0,6-0,8m.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1 v\u00e0 2. N\u1ed9i dung ch\u0103m s\u00f3c g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1t d\u00e2y leo, m\u1edf t\u00e1n cho lim xanh v\u00e0 c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ecb ch\u00e8n \u00e9p, x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y r\u1ed9ng 0,6-0,8m v\u00e0 vun g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 tr\u00e2u b\u00f2, ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 n\u1eb7ng, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,94, x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m II, m\u00e0u n\u00e2u x\u00e1m, l\u00f5i m\u1edbi ch\u1eb7t m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng sau chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm, th\u1edb xo\u1eafn, d\u0103m th\u00f4. G\u1ed7 r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0a n\u1eafng, \u00edt c\u00f4ng v\u00eanh, n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao, d\u00f9ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, l\u00e0m v\u00e1n s\u00e0n, t\u00e0 v\u1eb9t, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1n l\u00e1 r\u1eadm, r\u1ec5 \u0103n s\u00e2u n\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n, ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3, ch\u1ed1ng x\u00f3i m\u00f2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng 15 tu\u1ed5i t\u1ec9a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y x\u1ea5u, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng 200 c\u00e2y\/ha sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: Lim T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Erythrophleum fordii Oliver H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: Vang (Caesalpiniaceae) 1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 37-45m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 khi t\u1edbi 2-2,5m, th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh. G\u1ed1c c\u00f3 b\u1ea1nh v\u00e8, th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh l\u1edbn, t\u00e1n l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh \u00f4, d\u00e0y, r\u1ed9ng. V\u1ecf m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, bong v\u1ea3y l\u1edbn, khi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13129"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13129"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13131,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13129\/revisions\/13131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}