{"id":13126,"date":"2014-06-26T11:03:53","date_gmt":"2014-06-26T04:03:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13126"},"modified":"2014-06-16T11:06:38","modified_gmt":"2014-06-16T04:06:38","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-lat-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-lat-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng L\u00e1t hoa"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: L\u00e1t, L\u00e1t l\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: H\u1ecd Xoan (Meliaceae)<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 25-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1edbi 120-130cm. Th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 b\u1ea1nh v\u00e8 l\u1edbn, c\u00e0nh r\u1eadm, v\u1ecf m\u1ea7u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc. L\u00e1 k\u00e9p l\u00f4ng chim m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1eb5n, l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t 7-10 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i, h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i xoan ho\u1eb7c m\u0169i m\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Hoa t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh ch\u00f9y, m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh, n\u1edf th\u00e1ng 4-5. Qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, ph\u00e2n \u00f4, m\u1ed7i \u00f4 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t ch\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh 2 h\u00e0ng. H\u1ea1t d\u00e0i 1-1,2cm r\u1ed9ng 0,4 cm.<\/p>\n

\"Lat<\/a><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh th\u00e1i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, m\u1ecdc ch\u1eadm, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u, khi nh\u1ecf \u01b0a b\u00f3ng. L\u00fac nh\u1ecf sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh, t\u1eeb 10 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc t\u1eeb H\u00e0 T\u0129nh tr\u1edf ra Thanh H\u00f3a, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, B\u1eafc Giang, H\u00e0 Giang, Tuy\u00ean Quang, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, S\u01a1n La, Lai Ch\u00e2u, H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdc t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao 800m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c n\u00fai \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n giao v\u1edbi trai, nghi\u1ebfn, b\u1ee9a, g\u1ed9i, lim,…<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

– H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/i>: <\/i><\/p>\n

Thu h\u00e1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 tr\u00ean 10 tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m sau. Khi ch\u00edn qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh sang n\u00e2u x\u1eabm th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ea1t ch\u00edn c\u00f3 m\u00e0u c\u00e1nh d\u00e1n. Qu\u1ea3 thu v\u1ec1 r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9, r\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t. H\u1ea1t ph\u01a1i l\u1ea1i trong 2 ng\u00e0y, \u0111em c\u1ea5t tr\u1eef. H\u1ea1t m\u1edbi thu h\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m 70-80%. C\u1ee9 14-15 kg qu\u1ea3 cho 1 kg h\u1ea1t, 1 kg h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 60000-62000 h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o l\u1ecd s\u00e0nh, tr\u00ean r\u1eafc m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tro m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 0-5o<\/sup>C, sau 10 th\u00e1ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3m 5%.<\/p>\n

– Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t gieo \u01b0\u01a1m:<\/i> Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 5o<\/sup>, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u00fang ng\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ea5t th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e2u tr\u00ean 40cm, \u0111\u1ed9 pH t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 6,5.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0y b\u1eeba k\u1ef9, \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ecf, l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng cao 15-20cm, r\u1ed9ng 1-1,1m, d\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 10m. B\u00f3n l\u00f3t 3-4kg\/m2<\/sup>ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo<\/i>: Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 2 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ee5 thu.<\/p>\n

– X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1t:<\/i> Ng\u00e2m h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m 35-40o<\/sup>C trong 3-4gi\u1edd, v\u1edbt ra r\u1eeda chua r\u1ed3i \u1ee7. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y r\u1eeda chua, sau 6-7 ng\u00e0y h\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t nanh \u0111em gieo.<\/p>\n

– Gieo h\u1ea1t<\/i>: Gieo v\u00e3i 1kg tr\u00ean 120-150m2<\/sup> m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t 0,3-0,5cm r\u1ed3i ph\u1ee7 r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c<\/i>: Khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m, d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 r\u1ea1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m d\u00e0n che 30% \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 tr\u1eeb c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea5y c\u00e2y<\/i>: L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y gieo. B\u00f3n l\u00f3t 3-4kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng\/m2<\/sup>. Sau khi gieo 60-80 ng\u00e0y, c\u00e2y cao 7-10cm, c\u00f3 5-7 l\u00e1 th\u00ec nh\u1ed5 \u0111em c\u1ea5y v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly 20x20cm l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u. L\u00e0m d\u00e0n che ho\u1eb7c c\u1eafm r\u00e0ng che \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng 30-40%, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng 15-20 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecf b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng Polyetylen \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 7-8cm, cao 10-12cm, th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 xung quanh. Ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 80% d\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t + 20% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai.<\/p>\n

– Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng<\/i>: Tu\u1ed5i 7-8 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i, cao 0,7-0,9m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh g\u1ed1c 0,5-0,6cm, kh\u00f4ng cong queo, th\u00f3t ng\u1ecdn, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u1ed3ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u1eebng<\/b><\/p>\n

– Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng<\/i>: V\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n v\u00e0 thu, ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a \u1ea9m, m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai<\/i>: T\u1ed1t, s\u00e2u \u1ea9m, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t sau n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 pH = 5-6. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng m\u1ecfng, m\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdc tr\u01a1 s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n

– X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec:<\/i> Ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn theo b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng 3m, b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba 10m. N\u01a1i d\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 25o<\/sup> tr\u1ed3ng theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c, n\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean b\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, d\u00e2y leo, c\u00e2y l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xen c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 2-3 v\u1ee5. Tr\u00ean b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba, ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2y cao tr\u00ean 10m, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i c\u00f3 t\u00e1n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

– M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng:<\/i> 700-800 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u0103ng l\u00e0 3x3m.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng: <\/i><\/p>\n

N\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, x\u1edbi vun g\u1ed1c, r\u1ed9ng 1m, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf d\u00e2y leo, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai: Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u1ea7n v\u1eb7t b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ed3i b\u00ean trong kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ngang t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba: Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh: <\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i L\u00e1t hoa l\u00e0 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c n\u00f5n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u \u0103n l\u00e1 \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u \u0103n l\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e1t hoa l\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 qu\u00fd. G\u1ed7 n\u1eb7ng, t\u1ec9 tr\u1ecdng 0,75-0,8, x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m I, gi\u00e1c m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea1t, l\u00f5i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00f3 \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u1edb m\u1ecbn, \u00edt co d\u00e3n, cong v\u00eanh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed7 cao c\u1ea5p. L\u00e1t hoa l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: L\u00e1t, L\u00e1t l\u00f4ng T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Chukrasia tabularis A.Juss H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: H\u1ecd Xoan (Meliaceae) 1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao 25-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1edbi 120-130cm. Th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 b\u1ea1nh v\u00e8 l\u1edbn, c\u00e0nh r\u1eadm, v\u1ecf m\u1ea7u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc. L\u00e1 k\u00e9p l\u00f4ng chim m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1eb5n, l\u00e1 ch\u00e9t 7-10 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13126"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13126"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13128,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13126\/revisions\/13128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}