{"id":13048,"date":"2014-06-09T10:45:34","date_gmt":"2014-06-09T03:45:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13048"},"modified":"2014-06-02T10:51:46","modified_gmt":"2014-06-02T03:51:46","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-keo-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-keo-lai\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Keo lai"},"content":{"rendered":"

KEO LAI<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Acacia mangium<\/i> x Acacia auriculiformis<\/i><\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: \u0110\u1eadu (Leguminosae)<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd ph\u1ee5: Trinh n\u1eef (Mimosoidae)<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ee1, cao t\u1edbi 25-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1edbi 30-40cm, cao v\u00e0 to h\u01a1n Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng trung gian gi\u1eefa 2 lo\u00e0i b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9. Th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf, t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh kh\u00e1, t\u00e1n d\u00e0y v\u00e0 r\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 1 th\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i l\u00e1 c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e1 m\u1ea7m, l\u00e1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e1 gi\u1ea3. L\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i. Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e1 h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e1 keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e1 keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Hoa t\u1ef1 b\u00f4ng 5-6 hoa\/1 hoa t\u1ef1 v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t m\u1ecdc t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i \u1edf n\u00e1ch l\u00e1. Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eadu d\u1eb9t, khi non th\u1eb3ng khi gi\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n h\u00ecnh xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c. M\u00f9a hoa th\u00e1ng 3-4, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng 7-8. V\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee9ng, khi ch\u00edn m\u00e0u x\u00e1m v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t. M\u1ed7i qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 5-7 h\u1ea1t m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111en, b\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t kg h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 45.000-50.000 h\u1ea1t, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 3-4kg qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

Keo lai t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1972 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ed3ng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Sabah – Malaixia. \u1ede Th\u00e1i Lan \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y keo lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1m \u1edf Muak-Lek, Salaburi.<\/p>\n

\u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta gi\u1ed1ng keo lai \u1edf Ba V\u00ec c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Pain-tree bang Queensland – Australia. C\u00e2y b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 Keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Darwin bang Northern Territory – \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia. \u1ede \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Mossman v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ed1 Keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m c\u0169ng \u1edf \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng keo lai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 c\u00f9ng v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau: V\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 12o<\/sup>20\u2019-16o<\/sup>20\u2019 B\u1eafc, kinh \u0111\u1ed9 132o<\/sup>16\u2019-145o<\/sup>,30\u2019 \u0110\u00f4ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 800-1900mm.<\/p>\n

Keo lai c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i keo b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f2ng keo lai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e2m canh 3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh 8,6-9,8m v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao, 9,8-11,4cm v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh, 19,4-27,2 m3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 50-77m3<\/sup>\/ha v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7. R\u1eebng keo lai 7-8 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1t 150-200m3<\/sup> g\u1ed7\/ha, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 1,5-2 l\u1ea7n r\u1eebng Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Keo lai c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng 8-10 tu\u1ed5i sau khi khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ed1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh, h\u1ea1t n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n c\u00e2y tr\u00ean 1 ha. Tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng keo lai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y hom.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng tieu chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh 04TCN 76-2006 – quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng keo lai v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 NN&PTNT.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y hom \u0111\u1eddi F1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c gia hay gi\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng BV5, BV10, BV16, BV27, BV29, BV32, BV33, BV71, BV73, BV75 cho Ba V\u00ec – H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Y\u00ean Th\u00e0nh – Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng MA1, (MA)M8 cho Tam Thanh – Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, B\u00ecnh \u0110i\u1ec1n – Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng AM2, AM3 cho B\u00ecnh \u0110i\u1ec1n – Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng AH1, AH7, TB1, TB3, TB5, TB6, TB7, TB11, TB12, KL2 cho B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

\"Keolai\"<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y hom \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n khu nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng hom, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb9, d\u00e0y tr\u00ean 50cm, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e0y b\u1eeba to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n 2 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ea1ch, t\u01a1i m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lu\u1ed1ng. Cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 30x30x30cm, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 0,8×0,4m. B\u00f3n l\u00f3t m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1 2kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai, 100g NPK (5:10:3) v\u00e0 300g ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh. T\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 15-20 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng 1 l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 3-4 th\u00e1ng, c\u1eaft t\u1ea1o ch\u1ed3i. D\u00f9ng k\u00e9o s\u1eafc c\u1eaft c\u00e2y \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 70cm, phun Benlat 0,15% cho \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ea3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo: V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ch\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb ho\u00e1 c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1ch c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ch\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. Sau khi c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1n x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. B\u00f3n th\u00fac m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y 50g NPK (5:10:3) hay 100g ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh, vun g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

M\u00f9a gi\u00e2m hom ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng 3 th\u00e1ng, n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e3m c\u00e2y. \u1ede B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 gi\u00e2m hom th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10, 11. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 Nam B\u1ed9 gi\u00e2m hom tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a m\u01b0a 2-3 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u1eaft c\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ee5 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch l\u1ea7n sau 1 th\u00e1ng, ti\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1ch 15-20 ng\u00e0y 1 l\u1ea7n. C\u1eaft xong ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn v\u1ec7 sinh, phun Benlat 0,15% cho \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00e2y, b\u00f3n th\u00fac ph\u00e2n NPK hay ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ch\u1ed3i v\u00e0 vun x\u1edbi g\u1ed1c. C\u1eaft c\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y hom v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, khi c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e2y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c 2 ch\u1ed3i ng\u1ee7. D\u00f9ng dao s\u1eafc c\u1eaft hom tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m d\u1eadp. Hom d\u00e0i 6-7cm, c\u00f3 1-2 l\u00e1, c\u1eaft b\u1ecf 2\/3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1, ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c hom c\u1eaft v\u00e1t 45o<\/sup> v\u00e0 nh\u1eb5n. Hom c\u1eaft xong ng\u00e2m v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Benlat 0,3% trong 1gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Sau khi v\u1edbt hom ra, ch\u1ea5m g\u1ed1c hom v\u00e0o thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed9t TTG ho\u1eb7c Seradix ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft, 100g thu\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng cho 1-1,2 v\u1ea1n hom, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea5y ngay v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1t tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng \u1edf khu gi\u00e2m hom. Hom c\u1eaft l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y ngay l\u1ea7n \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u00eam. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea7u c\u1ea5y 1 hom, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1t th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch hom l\u00e0 7x2cm. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ea5y hom 2-3cm.<\/p>\n

Khu gi\u00e2m hom c\u00f3 m\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1edbi nil\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m \u0111an che s\u00e1ng 60%, ph\u00eda trong x\u00e2y c\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng 1-1,2m, d\u00e0i 5-10m, cao 10-12cm, \u0111\u00e1y lu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c 3% v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ecf b\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng Poly\u00eatylen, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 5-6cm, cao 10-12cm, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7. Ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea7ng B th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

V\u00f2m che c\u00f3 khung b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c tre \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng nil\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng tr\u00f9m k\u00edn c\u1ea3 lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cho hom gi\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u00e2m hom 12 gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i phun Benlat 0,15% \u0111\u1ee7 \u01b0\u1edbt s\u00e2u 1-2cm m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1t trong lu\u1ed1ng. T\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho b\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1t trong lu\u1ed1ng, d\u00f9ng que nh\u1ecdn ch\u1ecdc l\u1ed7 r\u1ed3i c\u1ea5y hom \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd, ch\u1ee5p v\u00f2m che l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng gi\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea9m cho hom gi\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phun b\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng hay b\u00ecnh b\u01a1m thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eb7t l\u00e1 lu\u00f4n \u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ra r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e2y con \u0111\u00e3 ra r\u1ec5 c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u00e0n che ho\u1eb7c c\u1eafm r\u00e0ng che n\u1eafng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 15 ng\u00e0y 1 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng, t\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00fac NPK (5:10:3) n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1%, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1edbi 2 l\u00edt\/m2<\/sup> m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 10 ng\u00e0y 1 l\u1ea7n phun Benlat 0,15% \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i nh\u0169n hom, b\u1ea5m t\u1ec9a ch\u1ed3i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u00e2y hom ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 1 ch\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e2y hom cao 20-25cm th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i tr\u1ed3ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn 1 tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft b\u1edbt l\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e2y y\u1ebfu, s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, ng\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u1ed3ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u1eebng<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9 10-22o<\/sup> B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 500m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, d\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi 25o<\/sup>. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 21-27o<\/sup>C, t\u1ed1i cao tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i 42,1o<\/sup>C, t\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i -0,8o<\/sup>C. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1400-2400 mm, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i 540-1200 mm. S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng m\u01b0a tr\u00ean 100mm l\u00e0 5-6 th\u00e1ng t\u1eadp trung trong m\u00f9a H\u00e8. \u0110\u1ea5t d\u00e0y tr\u00ean 50-60cm, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e9t nh\u1eb9, chua pHKCl<\/sub> t\u1eeb 3,5-5,0. M\u00f9n t\u1eeb trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0u, tr\u00ean 2% \u1edf t\u1ea7ng m\u1eb7t. Tr\u1ea3ng c\u1ecf c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, n\u1ee9a t\u00e9p, l\u1ed3 \u00f4,…, n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby b\u1ecf ho\u00e1, r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i d\u1ed1c tr\u00ean 25o<\/sup>, c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 l\u00f9a m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t n\u1eb7ng b\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01a1 s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1, chai c\u1ee9ng, l\u1ea7y \u00fang, ki\u1ec1m m\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng keo lai chi\u1ebfm 18,1%, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng 24,8%, \u00edt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p 57,1%.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Thanh Ho\u00e1 tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n h\u00e8 (th\u00e1ng 3-5), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 thu (th\u00e1ng 7-8). C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ven bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n Trung tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 thu \u0111\u00f4ng (th\u00e1ng 9-11). C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 Nam B\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a m\u01b0a (th\u00e1ng 4-6).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a nh\u1ecf, r\u00e2m m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c n\u1eafng nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y, d\u0103m v\u00e0 g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n lo\u00e0i theo d\u1ea3i h\u1eb9p ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 1100 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 3x3m; ho\u1eb7c 1660 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 3x2m.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i th\u1ef1c b\u00ec th\u01b0a, cao d\u01b0\u1edbi 1m, ph\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, d\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u01a1i x\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c gom \u0111\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y lan.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c b\u00ec d\u00e0y r\u1eadm, cao tr\u00ean 1-2m, ph\u00e1t b\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng 2m theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c. D\u1ecdn t\u01b0\u01a1i gom x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u00eca b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i d\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi 15o<\/sup> c\u00e0y ng\u1ea7m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e0y ch\u1ea3o, sau \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 30x30x30cm.<\/p>\n

N\u01a1i d\u1ed1c tr\u00ean 15o<\/sup> l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ed1 40x40x40cm tr\u00ean b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c b\u00ec theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p khi l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00f3n l\u00f3t m\u1ed7i h\u1ed1 100-150g NPK (5:10:3) hay 200-300g ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 50g NPK(5:10:3) + 100-150g ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m c\u00e2y ch\u1ebft sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 8-10 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c trong 3 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n

+ N\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n: L\u1ea7n 1 sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 1-2 th\u00e1ng, c\u1eaft d\u00e2y leo, ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c b\u00ec tr\u00ean to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, d\u1eaby c\u1ecf v\u00e0 vun x\u1edbi quanh g\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng 80cm. L\u1ea7n 2 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10-11, ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec v\u00e0 vun x\u1edbi quanh g\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng 80cm. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 thu \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 1 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10-11.<\/p>\n

+ N\u0103m th\u1ee9 2, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 l\u1ea7n: L\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3-4, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n 1 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u00f3n th\u00fac m\u1ed7i g\u1ed1c 200g NPK (5:10:3) ho\u1eb7c 500g ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh. L\u1ea7n 2 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7-8, ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, d\u1eaby c\u1ecf vun x\u1edbi quanh g\u1ed1c 1m, t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh cao \u0111\u1ebfn 1m. L\u1ea7n 3 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10-11, ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec quanh g\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng 1m<\/p>\n

+ N\u0103m th\u1ee9 3, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n: \u00a0\u00a0 L\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3-4, ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, t\u1ec9a c\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m cao 1,5-2,0m. D\u1eaby c\u1ecf quanh g\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng 1m, b\u00f3n th\u00fac l\u1ea7n 2 nh\u01b0 b\u00f3n l\u1ea7n 1 nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea1ch b\u00f3n c\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c 40-50cm. L\u1ea7n 2 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7-8, ph\u00e1t th\u1ef1c b\u00ec to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, ph\u00e1t d\u1eaby c\u1ecf quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Keo lai b\u1ecb s\u00e2u c\u1eafn l\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed9p l\u00e1, ph\u1ea5n h\u1ed3ng, ph\u1ea5n tr\u1eafng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, b\u1eaft di\u1ec7t, phun thu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb hay ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m b\u0103ng tr\u1eafng c\u1ea3n l\u1eeda, r\u1ed9ng 8-10m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. Nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 c\u00e2y, tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1i r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

\"Keolai1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

5. Khai th\u00e1c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Keo lai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y. <\/i>T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng g\u1ed7 0,542, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xenlul\u00f4 45,36%, t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y 95,2%, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y 52,8%, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t 36,6, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu g\u1ea5p, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1eadp cao h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c trung gian c\u1ee7a 2 lo\u00e0i keo b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9. Ngo\u00e0i ra keo lai c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 d\u00e1n, v\u00e1n d\u00e1n cao c\u1ea5p, g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb d\u00f9ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n

Keo lai m\u1ecdc nhanh, c\u00e0nh l\u00e1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh, xanh quanh n\u0103m, sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 1-2 n\u0103m r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai n\u01a1i tr\u1ed3ng, che ch\u1eafn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i 1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0nh kh\u00f4 l\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e2y con 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 40-80 n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng sinh, ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u vi kh\u1ea9u c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 3-12 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m. Trong 1 gam \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1eebng keo lai 5 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u1ea5p 5-17 l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i keo b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p 96 l\u1ea7n \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng cung c\u1ea5p g\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea5y, v\u00e1n d\u0103m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khai th\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i r\u1eebng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y hom, m\u00f4. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1t 20-25m3<\/sup>\/ha\/n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 150-200m3<\/sup> g\u1ed7 cho 1ha r\u1eebng v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 7-8 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng kinh doanh g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p g\u1ed7 x\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i 4-5 t\u1ec9a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m, h\u00ecnh th\u00e2n x\u1ea5u v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 40% s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i 700-800 c\u00e2y\/ha nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i 10-12 khai th\u00e1c tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KEO LAI T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Acacia mangium x Acacia auriculiformis H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: \u0110\u1eadu (Leguminosae) H\u1ecd ph\u1ee5: Trinh n\u1eef (Mimosoidae) 1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ee1, cao t\u1edbi 25-30m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh t\u1edbi 30-40cm, cao v\u00e0 to h\u01a1n Keo tai t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Keo l\u00e1 tr\u00e0m, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng trung gian gi\u1eefa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13048"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13048"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13048\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13051,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13048\/revisions\/13051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13048"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13048"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13048"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}