{"id":13044,"date":"2014-06-04T10:38:31","date_gmt":"2014-06-04T03:38:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=13044"},"modified":"2014-06-02T10:45:22","modified_gmt":"2014-06-02T03:45:22","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-khao-vang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-khao-vang\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\" align=\"center\"><b>KHA\u0301O VA\u0300NG<\/b><\/p>\n<p>T\u00ean khoa ho\u0323c: <i>Machilus\u00a0 bonii <\/i>Lecomte.<i> <\/i><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u0323c v\u00e2t: Long n\u00e3o (Lauraceae)<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><em>(Ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Nhung, 2009)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><b>1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b>C\u00e2y cao 25-30cm, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, thu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ki\u0301nh ngang ng\u01b0\u0323c \u0111a\u0323t 60-70cm, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh cao tr\u00ean 5m. V\u1ecf m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, khi gi\u00e0 v\u1ecf bong v\u1ea3y t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n, mo\u0323c ca\u0301ch, h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111u\u00f4i h\u00ecnh n\u00eam, l\u00e1 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 4- 6cm, d\u00e0i 14-15cm, m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean l\u00e1 nh\u1eb5n m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c, m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e1 ph\u1edbt tr\u1eafng, l\u00e1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?attachment_id=13046\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13046\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter  wp-image-13046\" alt=\"Khaovang\" src=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/06\/Khaovang.jpg\" width=\"528\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/06\/Khaovang.jpg 754w, https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/06\/Khaovang-500x301.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hoa t\u1ef1 vi\u00ean chu\u1ef3 \u1edf n\u00e1ch l\u00e1. Hoa l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, bao hoa c\u00f3 6 thu\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng nhau h\u00ecnh thu\u00f4n, ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 l\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn. Nh\u1ecb 9,\u00a0 x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh 3 v\u00f2ng, 6 nh\u1ecb ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebfn, bao ph\u1ea5n 4 \u00f4, ba nh\u1ecb \u1edf trong c\u00f3 hai tuy\u1ebfn \u1edf g\u1ed1c. Qu\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1-1,5cm, c\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 xo\u00e8 ra \u1edf g\u1ed1c qu\u1ea3. Qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u t\u00edm \u0111en, ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ea5n tr\u1eafng, cu\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u nh\u1ea1t. Bao hoa t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi qu\u1ea3 r\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p><b>2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf L\u00e0o, Campuchia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ed9ng. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 sinh thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, B\u1eafc Giang, B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, Thanh Ho\u00e1, Ngh\u1ec7 An, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Gia Lai. Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n x\u00e3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt g\u1ed3m D\u1ebb, Tr\u00e1m, Re g\u1eebng, Lim xanh, R\u00e0ng r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u01a1\u0309 n\u01a1i co\u0301 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi m\u01b0a m\u00f9a, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 800-2500mm\/ n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 20-27<sup>0<\/sup>C. Trong v\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1, c\u00e2y Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4\u0301t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Feralit \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e1cma axit ho\u1eb7c sa tha\u0323ch, phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng d\u1ea7y, nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f9n, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu b\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kha\u0301 nhanh, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kho\u1ea3ng 1m v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 1cm v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh. T\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t. Thi\u0301ch h\u01a1\u0323p tr\u00f4\u0300ng h\u00f4\u0303n giao v\u01a1\u0301i m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 loa\u0300i c\u00e2y la\u0301 r\u00f4\u0323ng kha\u0301c n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u r\u1eebng b\u1eb1ng Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng tri\u00ea\u0309n vo\u0323ng t\u00f4\u0301t.<\/p>\n<p><b>3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2y l\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111a\u0323t 15 tu\u00f4\u0309i tr\u01a1\u0309 l\u00ean, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng va\u0300 \u0111\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb hai v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng. H\u1ea1t la\u0300m gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i co\u0301 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1,2-1,4 cm, 1 kg h\u1ea1t c\u00f3\u00a0 500-600 h\u1ea1t, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7\u00a0 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m tr\u00ean 65%.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng ra hoa th\u00e1ng 3-4, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn va\u0300o th\u00e1ng 10-11, l\u00fac ch\u00edn v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u, h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u v\u00e0ng. Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 thu h\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 11. D\u00f9ng s\u00e0o c\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ngo\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u1eafc t\u1eebng ch\u00f9m khi qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn r\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed1ng. Nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m ch\u1eb7t c\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u1ee5 sau.<\/p>\n<p>Khi thu h\u00e1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf r\u1ed3i \u1ee7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1t \u1ea9m 3-4 ng\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111a\u0303i s\u1ea1ch v\u1ecf, \u0111em gieo \u01b0\u01a1m ngay ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Do h\u1ea1t Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng nhanh m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m n\u00ean khi thu h\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn xong n\u00ean gieo \u01b0\u01a1m ngay, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a gieo ngay th\u00ec b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1t v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea1nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 5<sup>0<\/sup>C nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 1 th\u00e1ng v\u00ec h\u1ea1t Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng nhanh m\u00e2\u0301t s\u01b0\u0301c na\u0309y m\u00e2\u0300m.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1t \u1ea9m: Tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1t \u1ea9m 5-6% v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1 h\u1ea1t v\u1edbi 2 c\u00e1t sau \u0111\u00f3 vun th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed1ng cao 15-20cm, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n r\u1ea3i th\u00eam 1 l\u1edbp c\u00e1t m\u1ecfng kho\u1ea3ng 1-2cm \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn h\u1ea1t. Kho\u1ea3ng 5-7 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 phun th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m (\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1t trong tay n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00e1t v\u00e0 khi bu\u00f4ng tay c\u00e1t t\u01a1i ra t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 8-10%).<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea1nh: h\u1ea1t sau khi thu h\u00e1i ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1ea1ch \u0111em b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 5-7<sup>o<\/sup>C, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 30 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Du\u0300ng b\u00e2\u0300u Polyetylen \u0111\u00ea\u0309 \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 6 th\u00e1ng ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u 9 x13cm, n\u1ebfu nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y tr\u00ean 9 th\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u 12 x15cm.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9 t\u00e2\u0300ng m\u0103\u0323t + 10% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai v\u00e0 1%\u00a0 ph\u00e2n NPK(5:10:3). B\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng xong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 0,8 \u0111\u1ebfn 1m,\u00a0 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u ph\u1eb3ng, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh 2\/3 b\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebd h\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch nhau 50-60 cm \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu ha\u0323t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 4-6 ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111em ha\u0323t \u0111\u00ea\u0309 gieo. Gieo h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1t \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 l\u00e1 th\u00ec nh\u1ed5 c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u, ho\u0103\u0323c u\u0309 h\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1t \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t nanh th\u00ec mang gieo tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u. L\u01b0u \u00fd khi c\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea7m r\u1ec5 nh\u00fa ra xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y 1-2 cm. C\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea9m b\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong th\u1eddi gian gieo h\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5y c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m c\u00e2\u0300n la\u0300m da\u0300n che b\u0103\u0300ng ph\u00ean n\u01b0\u0301a \u0111an hay c\u0103\u0301m ra\u0300ng ra\u0300ng che b\u00f3ng 100% trong kho\u1ea3ng 15-20 ng\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n d\u00e0n che xu\u1ed1ng 75%, khi c\u00e2y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2-3 l\u00e1 th\u1eadt c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 che n\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng 50%, b\u1ecf che ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n khi c\u00e2y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1 th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y r\u00e2m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u1eeb tr\u00e1nh c\u00e2y b\u1ecb n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n<p>Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m. Sau khi c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n tu\u1ef3 theo th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Sau 1 th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1ed5 c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n 1, th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ed5 c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng l\u1ea7n 2 tu\u1ef3 theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Khi c\u00e2y cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 cm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3n th\u00eam ph\u00e2n NPK(5:10:3) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch pha 0,2 kg v\u00e0o 10 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 4m<sup>2<\/sup>; c\u01b0\u0301 10-15 ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbc 1 l\u1ea7n\u00a0 tu\u1ef3 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n. D\u01b0\u0300ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn 1-2 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn, s\u00e2u qu\u1ea5n l\u00e1 th\u00ec d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c s\u00e2u Pastac ho\u1eb7c Baxa phun tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb n\u1ea5m th\u00ec d\u00f9ng Benl\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1% \u0111\u1ec3 phun \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1ch 7-10 ng\u00e0y phun 1l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ebft th\u00ec ng\u1eebng phun.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khoa\u0309ng 1 tha\u0301ng, c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m mo\u0323c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2-3 l\u00e1 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i b\u1ea7u, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb7m v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb 1- 1,5 th\u00e1ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u, c\u1eaft l\u00e1, h\u00e3m c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 khi tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ed9t c\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m l\u00e2u th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 4 th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o 1 l\u1ea7n. Khi \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft r\u00e2m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u1ea9m b\u1ea7u tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2y con \u0111u\u0309 ti\u00eau chu\u00e2\u0309n xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn la\u0300 c\u00e2y 4 tha\u0301ng tu\u00f4\u0309i tr\u01a1\u0309 l\u00ean, cao tr\u00ean 30cm, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ki\u0301nh c\u00f4\u0309 r\u00ea\u0303 tr\u00ean 0,3cm, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4\u0301t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5t ng\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n<p><b>4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Trung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 1500-2500mm\/ n\u0103m,\u00a0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n\u00a0 20-27<sup>o<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng i\u0301t k\u00e9n \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0 Feralit \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e1c ma axit ho\u1eb7c sa th\u1ea1ch, phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch,&#8230; \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c b\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng 2 th\u00e1ng, th\u1ef1c b\u00ec\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c b\u0103m nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 v\u01a1\u0301i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 40x40x40cm, sau 15-20 ng\u00e0y l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00f3n l\u00f3t ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai 3-5 kg\/h\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n NPK(5:10:3) v\u01a1\u0301i l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng 0,1-0,15kg\/h\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u00ec tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, ch\u00fa \u00fd khi l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t va\u0300o h\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed1, gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m h\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 3- 4cm.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 1100c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 3m x3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 1330 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 3mx2,5m ho\u1eb7c 1660 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 3mx2m.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 2 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u, khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n r\u1ea1ch b\u1ecf v\u1ecf b\u1ea7u, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 l\u00e8n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?attachment_id=13045\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-13045\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13045\" alt=\"Khaovang1\" src=\"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/06\/Khaovang1.jpg\" width=\"369\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/06\/Khaovang1.jpg 369w, https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/06\/Khaovang1-336x500.jpg 336w, https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/06\/Khaovang1-100x150.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00f4\u0300ng vu\u0323 Xu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng 2-4, v\u1ee5 Thu th\u00e1ng 8-9 va\u0300o nh\u01b0\u0303ng nga\u0300y co\u0301 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft r\u00e2m m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c trong 3-4 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>+ N\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n th\u00ec ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n, l\u1ea7n 1 va\u0300o th\u00e1ng 5-6, g\u00f4\u0300m lu\u00f4\u0303ng ph\u00e1t c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, d\u00e2y leo; l\u1ea7n 2 va\u0300o tha\u0301ng 9-10, g\u00f4\u0300m lu\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i d\u00e2y leo, x\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2\u0301t quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y r\u00f4\u0323ng 1m. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 Thu thi\u0300 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 1 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10-11, g\u00f4\u0300m lu\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t co\u0309 da\u0323i, kh\u00f4ng x\u1edbi g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n<p>+ N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 l\u1ea7n, g\u00f4\u0300m 2 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 x\u1edbi xung quanh g\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2-3 v\u00e0 7-8 va\u0300 1 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>+ N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ch\u0103m so\u0301c m\u1ed7i n\u0103m 2 l\u1ea7n, g\u00f4\u0300m 1 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 x\u1edbi xung quanh g\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2-4\u00a0 v\u00e0 1 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8-9. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao<\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2y Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n giao v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 Re g\u1eebng, D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf, Gi\u1ebb cau, Lim xanh, Xoan \u0111\u00e0o, S\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n giao theo h\u00e0ng, d\u1ea3i v\u1edbi keo.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 1100c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u01b0\u0323 ly 3mx3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng 1660c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u01b0\u0323 ly 3mx2m tu\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ed7n giao theo m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00f4\u0300ng Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng h\u1ed7n giao v\u1edbi 1 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c theo 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c: H\u1ed7n giao theo c\u00e2y (c\u00e2y n\u1ecd c\u00e2y kia ho\u1eb7c 3 c\u00e2y n\u1ecd 3 c\u00e2y kia), h\u00f4\u0303n giao theo h\u00e0ng (h\u00e0ng n\u1ecd h\u00e0ng kia), h\u00f4\u0303n giao theo d\u1ea3i (tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i t\u1eeb 3-5 h\u00e0ng).<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u1eebng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u00a0 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng\u00a0 thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Tr\u1ed3ng theo r\u1ea1ch<\/i><\/b>:<\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e1t b\u0103ng r\u1ea1ch 6-8 m, b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba 4m, trong b\u0103ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch h\u1ebft th\u1ef1c b\u00ec\u00a0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa r\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c b\u00ec r\u1ed9ng 2,5-3m, cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 40&#215;40 x40cm (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng theo \u0111\u00e1m tu\u1ef3 theo kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ed3ng).<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1, tr\u1ed3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng c\u1ea3 b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y r\u1eebng c\u0169, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 lu\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1\u00a0 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><b>5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n<p>G\u1ed7 Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng gi\u00e1c l\u00f5i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, gi\u00e1c tr\u1eafng, l\u00f5i c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, m\u1ecbn th\u1edb, kh\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,7, x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m IV. G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i m\u1ecdt n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n, gh\u1ebf, gi\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee7, du\u0300ng trong x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng, gaio th\u00f4ng v\u00e2\u0323n ta\u0309i, nguy\u00ean li\u00ea\u0323u g\u00f4\u0303 bo\u0301c da\u0301n la\u0323ng. V\u1ecf c\u00e2y Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa \u0111au r\u0103ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<p>Khi r\u1eebng \u0111a\u0323t tu\u00f4\u0309i 5, b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n th\u00ec ti\u00ea\u0301n ha\u0300nh ti\u0309a th\u01b0a l\u00e2\u0300n \u0111\u00e2\u0300u gi\u01b0\u0303 la\u0323i 900-1000 c\u00e2y\/ha \u0111\u00ea\u0309 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u01a1\u0303ng. L\u1ea7n ti\u0309a th\u01b0a th\u01b0\u0301 hai v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 10, 11, ti\u0309a c\u00e2y x\u00e2\u0301u, gi\u01b0\u0303 la\u0323i c\u00e2y t\u00f4\u0301t v\u01a1\u0301i m\u00e2\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i 650-750 c\u00e2y\/ha, \u0111\u00ea\u0301n n\u0103m th\u1ee9 15-16, ti\u0309a th\u01b0a l\u1ea7n 3 gi\u01b0\u0303 la\u0323i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 400-500 c\u00e2y\/ha.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>KHA\u0301O VA\u0300NG T\u00ean khoa ho\u0323c: Machilus\u00a0 bonii Lecomte. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u0323c v\u00e2t: Long n\u00e3o (Lauraceae) (Ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Nhung, 2009) 1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i \u00a0C\u00e2y cao 25-30cm, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, thu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ki\u0301nh ngang ng\u01b0\u0323c \u0111a\u0323t 60-70cm, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh cao tr\u00ean 5m. V\u1ecf m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, khi gi\u00e0 v\u1ecf bong v\u1ea3y t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13044"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13044"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13047,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13044\/revisions\/13047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}