{"id":12858,"date":"2014-05-08T10:00:58","date_gmt":"2014-05-08T03:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=12858"},"modified":"2014-05-06T10:04:38","modified_gmt":"2014-05-06T03:04:38","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-de-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-de-do\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf"},"content":{"rendered":"

DE\u0309 \u0110O\u0309<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa ho\u0323c: Lithocarpus ducampii <\/i>(Hickel & A.Camus) A. Camus<\/p>\n

Ho\u0323 th\u01b0\u0323c v\u00e2\u0323t: De\u0309 (Fagaceae)<\/h6>\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Nhung, 2009)<\/em><\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y co\u0301 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ki\u0301nh ngang ng\u01b0\u0323c 50-60cm, cao t\u1edbi 30m, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 b\u1ea1nh v\u00e8; v\u1ecf m\u00e0u n\u00e2u x\u00e1m, n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc s\u00e2u; tu\u1ef7 tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ta\u0301n la\u0301 r\u00f4\u0323ng, xanh quanh n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n, m\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 l\u00e1 k\u00e8m s\u1edbm r\u1ee5ng; l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh ng\u1ecdn gi\u00e1o d\u00e0i 10-12cm, r\u1ed9ng 3-4cm, cu\u1ed1ng l\u00e1 d\u00e0i 1cm; g\u00e2n l\u00e1 n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 \u1edf m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh sao m\u00e0u g\u1ec9 s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Hoa t\u1ef1\u00a0 b\u00f4ng \u0111u\u00f4i s\u00f3c. Hoa \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00f3 10-12 nh\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ecb d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh. Hoa c\u00e1i m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng c\u1ee5m, m\u1ed7i c\u1ee5m c\u00f3 2- 5 hoa. M\u00f9a hoa th\u00e1ng 5-7. \u0110\u1ea5u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m 3 chi\u1ebfc m\u1ed9t, mang nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea9y nh\u1ecdn, qu\u1ea3 cao 1,5-2cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1-1,5cm. M\u00f9a qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1ng 11-12.<\/p>\n

\"De<\/a><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf L\u00e0o, Campuchia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0\u00a0 th\u1ee9 sinh \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, B\u1eafc C\u1ea1n, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, Tuy\u00ean Quang, H\u00e0 B\u1eafc, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh… D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf \u00edt ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda Nam. Trong r\u1eebng, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Lim xanh, S\u1ebfn, T\u00e1u, Kh\u00e1o, Tr\u00e1m, R\u00e0ng r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd D\u1ebb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 D\u1ebb gai, D\u1ebb cau, D\u1ebb b\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n

Trong v\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e2y D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t Feralit v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 macma ax\u00edt ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch s\u00e9t, ph\u1ea5n sa.<\/p>\n

Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi m\u01b0a m\u00f9a, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 1500-2500 mm\/n\u0103m,\u00a0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 22-27o<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1n r\u1eebng th\u01b0a. C\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, l\u00fac nh\u1ecf c\u1ea7n che b\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9. Chu k\u1ef3 kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i (25-35 n\u0103m) do c\u00e2y D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 nhanh. C\u00e2y D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i, tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao, l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng, v\u01b0\u1eddn gi\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1eebng gi\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. C\u00e2y l\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng. \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb hai v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean (c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t 15 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean).<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 1,7-1,9 cm, tro\u0323ng 1 kg h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 350-370 h\u1ea1t, 1 kg qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 300-305 h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 0,2 kg \u0111\u1ea5u, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7\u00a0 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m tr\u00ean 70%.<\/p>\n

Khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e0u xanh n\u00e2u sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t, h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t. Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 thu h\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 12.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thu h\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng s\u00e0o c\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ngo\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u1eafc t\u1eebng ch\u00f9m khi qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn r\u1ee5ng xu\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t c\u00e0nh la\u0300m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u1ee5 sau.<\/p>\n

Sau khi thu h\u00e1i c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf, \u1ee7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1t \u1ea9m t\u1eeb 4- 6 ng\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebf (\u0111\u1ea5u) qu\u1ea3 r\u1eddi ra\u00a0 \u0111em gieo \u01b0\u01a1m ngay ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong ca\u0301t \u00e2\u0309m. Tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1t \u1ea9m 5-6% v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1 h\u1ea1t \/2 c\u00e1t (t\u00ednh theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch) sau \u0111\u00f3 vun th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed1ng cao 15-20 cm, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t r\u1ea3i th\u00eam 1 l\u1edbp c\u00e1t m\u1ecfng kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 cm \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn h\u1ea1t, kho\u1ea3ng 5-7 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3o 1 l\u1ea7n. Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kho\u1ea3ng 20-40 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y con trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 6 th\u00e1ng thi\u0300 cho\u0323n b\u00e2\u0300u PE c\u1ee1 9x13cm, n\u1ebfu nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y tr\u00ean 9 th\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u 12 x15cm.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m: t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t\u00a0 + 10% ph\u00e2n\u00a0 chu\u1ed3ng hoai v\u00e0 1% ph\u00e2n NPK (5:10:3). B\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng xong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng 0,8 \u0111\u1ebfn 1m, m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u ph\u1eb3ng, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh 2\/3 b\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebd h\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch nhau 50-60cm \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Gieo h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1t \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 l\u00e1 th\u00ec nh\u1ed5 c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u, ho\u0103\u0323c u\u0309 h\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1t \u1ea9m\u00a0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t nanh th\u00ec mang gieo tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u00a0 v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u, l\u01b0u \u00fd khi c\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea7m r\u1ec5 nh\u00fa ra xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 1-2 cm. C\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea9m b\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

Khi gieo \u01b0\u01a1m c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u00e0n che v\u00ec th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2y \u01b0a b\u00f3ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian gieo h\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5y c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m che b\u00f3ng 100% kho\u1ea3ng 10-15 ng\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n d\u00e0n che xu\u1ed1ng 75% v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7n 50%. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u00e0n che nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y d\u00e2m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u1eeb tr\u00e1nh c\u00e2y b\u1ecb n\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m d\u00e0n che t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111an ph\u00ean b\u1eb1ng n\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c tre c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u1ebf gu\u1ed9t c\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i do \u00fang n\u01b0\u1edbc, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean sau khi c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n tu\u1ef3 theo th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Sau 1 th\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1ed5 c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n 1, th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ed5 c\u1ecf ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng l\u1ea7n 2 tu\u1ef3 theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e2y cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 cm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3n th\u00eam ph\u00e2n NPK(5:10:3) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch pha 0,2 kg v\u01a1\u0301i 10 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng cho 4m2<\/sup>; 10-15 ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbc 1 l\u1ea7n\u00a0 tu\u1ef3 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t, x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n. C\u00e2\u0300n d\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111em tr\u00f4\u0300ng 1-2 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u00e2u cu\u1ed1n l\u00e1 th\u00ec d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c s\u00e2u Pastac ho\u1eb7c Baxa phun tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb n\u1ea5m th\u00ec d\u00f9ng benl\u00e1t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 1% \u0111\u1ec3 phun \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1ch 7-10 ng\u00e0y phun 1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ebft th\u00ec ng\u1eebng phun.<\/p>\n

Sau khi c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2-3 l\u00e1 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i b\u1ea7u, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb7m v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y con. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb 1-1,5 th\u00e1ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u, c\u1eaft l\u00e1, h\u00e3m c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 khi tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ed9t c\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m l\u00e2u th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 3 th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u 1 l\u1ea7n. Khi \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft r\u00e2m m\u00e1t, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea9m b\u1ea7u tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e2y \u01b0\u01a1m \u0111a\u0323t 4 tha\u0301ng tu\u00f4\u0309i tr\u01a1\u0309 l\u00ean, co\u0301 chi\u00ea\u0300u cao tr\u00ean 30cm, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ki\u0301nh g\u00f4\u0301c tr\u00ean 0,5cm, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4\u0301t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5t ng\u1ecdn la\u0300 \u0111u\u0309 ti\u00eau chu\u00e2\u0309n \u0111em tr\u00f4\u0300ng.<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 1500-2500 mm\/n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 22-27o<\/sup>C. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ecbt, \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t Feralit v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 macma ax\u00edt ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfn s\u00e9t, ph\u1ea5n sa.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c b\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng 2 th\u00e1ng, th\u1ef1c b\u00ec\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c b\u0103m nh\u1ecf c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 40x40x40 cm, sau 15-20 ng\u00e0y l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00f3n l\u00f3t ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai (3-5 kg\/h\u1ed1) ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n NPK(5:10:3) v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 100-150 g\/h\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u00ec tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y. Ch\u00fa \u00fd khi l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ecf, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m h\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n mi\u1ec7ng h\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 3-4 cm.<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 1100 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 3mx3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 1330 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u01b0\u0323 ly 3mx2,5m ho\u0103\u0323c 1660 c\u00e2y\/ha, c\u1ef1 ly 3mx2m.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ed3ng xen c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 2 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00f4ng l\u00e2m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u1ed1t kh\u00ed ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y con c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u 4 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u00ean, khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n r\u1ea1ch b\u1ecf v\u1ecf b\u1ea7u, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 l\u00e8n ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f4\u0300ng v\u1ee5 Xu\u00e2n va\u0300o th\u00e1ng 2-4 ho\u0103\u0323c v\u1ee5 Thu va\u0300o th\u00e1ng 8-9. Khi tr\u1ed3ng n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn nga\u0300y co\u0301 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft r\u00e2m m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

R\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3-4 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

+ N\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n th\u00ec ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n, l\u1ea7n 1 va\u0300o th\u00e1ng 5-6, lu\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, d\u00e2y leo. L\u1ea7n 2 va\u0300o tha\u0301ng 9-10, lu\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i d\u00e2y leo, x\u1edbi ph\u00e1 v\u00e1ng xung quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c g\u1ed3m lu\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i, d\u00e2y leo to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, vun x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t quanh g\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng 1m. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng v\u1ee5 thu ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 1 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10-11 chi\u0309 lu\u1ed7ng ph\u00e1t co\u0309 da\u0323i, kh\u00f4ng x\u1edbi g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

+ N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 l\u1ea7n, g\u00f4\u0300m 2 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 x\u1edbi xung quanh g\u1ed1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng 2-3; 7-8 va\u0300 1 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nh\u01b0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

+ N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: M\u1ed7i n\u0103m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n, g\u00f4\u0300m 1 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 x\u1edbi c\u1ecf xung quanh g\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2-4 v\u00e0 1 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 8-9. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng h\u1ed7n giao:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n giao v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba (Kh\u00e1o v\u00e0ng, Re g\u1eebng, Gi\u1ebb cau, Lim xanh, Xoan \u0111\u00e0o, S\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3ng,\u2026) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n giao theo h\u00e0ng, d\u1ea3i v\u1edbi keo lai, Keo tai t\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 1100c\u00e2y\/ha ho\u1eb7c 1600c\u00e2y\/ha, theo 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7n giao theo c\u00e2y (c\u00e2y n\u1ecd c\u00e2y kia ho\u1eb7c 3 c\u00e2y n\u1ecd 3 c\u00e2y kia).<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng theo h\u00e0ng (h\u00e0ng n\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y kia).<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng theo d\u1ea3i (tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i t\u1eeb 3-5 h\u00e0ng).<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c r\u1eebng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u00a0 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng\u00a0 thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ed3ng theo r\u1ea1ch:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u r\u1eebng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o r\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t r\u1ea1ch tr\u1ed3ng 6-8m, r\u1ea1ch ch\u1eeba 4m, trong r\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn h\u1ebft th\u1ef1c b\u00ec, cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa r\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi c\u1ef1 ly 2,5-3m, cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 40×40 x40cm.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1, tr\u1ed3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng thu\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ph\u00e1t ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t lu\u1ed7ng c\u1ea3 b\u0103ng ch\u1eeba nh\u1eefng c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y r\u1eebng c\u0169 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh t\u1ef1\u00a0 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m V, c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c va \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5 m\u1ecf, thoi d\u1ec7t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed3 gia d\u1ee5ng, t\u00e0 v\u1eb9t. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng g\u1ed7 D\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng s\u00e0n v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng xe r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Sau khi r\u1eebng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9p t\u00e1n (5 n\u0103m) th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sau n\u0103m th\u1ee9 5 (c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 giao t\u00e1n), tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ec9a v\u00e0 s\u1ed1\u00a0 l\u1ea7n t\u1ec9a. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n t\u1ec9a cho t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1eebng tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung: l\u1ea7n t\u1ec9a\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 5 ho\u1eb7c 6, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 700-900 c\u00e2y\/ha. L\u1ea7n hai v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 9 ho\u1eb7c 10 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 500-600 c\u00e2y\/ha. L\u1ea7n ba v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 14 ho\u1eb7c15, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng) l\u00e0 300-400 c\u00e2y\/ha.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DE\u0309 \u0110O\u0309 T\u00ean khoa ho\u0323c: Lithocarpus ducampii (Hickel & A.Camus) A. Camus Ho\u0323 th\u01b0\u0323c v\u00e2\u0323t: De\u0309 (Fagaceae) (Ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh: Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Nhung, 2009) 1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i C\u00e2y co\u0301 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ki\u0301nh ngang ng\u01b0\u0323c 50-60cm, cao t\u1edbi 30m, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 b\u1ea1nh v\u00e8; v\u1ecf m\u00e0u n\u00e2u x\u00e1m, n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc s\u00e2u; tu\u1ef7 tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12858"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12858"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12861,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12858\/revisions\/12861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}