{"id":12852,"date":"2014-05-06T09:58:54","date_gmt":"2014-05-06T02:58:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/?p=12852"},"modified":"2014-05-06T10:00:18","modified_gmt":"2014-05-06T03:00:18","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-dau-nuoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/ky-thuat-trong-dau-nuoc\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng d\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00c2\u0300U N\u01af\u1edaC<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: D\u1ea7u con r\u00e1i, D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i, D\u1ea7u s\u01a1n<\/p>\n

T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Dipterocarpus alatus <\/i>Roxb.<\/i><\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: D\u1ea7u (Dipterocarpaceae)<\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao t\u1edbi 40-45m, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng tr\u00f2n, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 2-2,5m, v\u1ecf l\u00fac non d\u00e0y, khi c\u00e2y l\u1edbn m\u1ecfng, m\u00e0u x\u00e1m v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n m\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch, m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u00e0u xanh th\u1eabm, nh\u1eb5n b\u00f3ng, m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi xanh nh\u1ea1t c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn. L\u00e1 k\u00e8m bao ch\u1ed3i b\u00fap m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf d\u00e0i 5-6cm. Hoa c\u1ee5m m\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u00e1ch l\u00e1, \u0111\u00e0i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 2 c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i 12-15cm, r\u1ed9ng 3-5cm c\u00f3 3 g\u00e2n g\u1ed1c. Qu\u1ea3 non m\u00e0u xanh, c\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecf, khi gi\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u c\u00e1nh d\u00e1n. Hoa n\u1edf v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1-2, qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng 4-5.<\/p>\n

\"Dau<\/a><\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u0103\u0323c ti\u0301nh sinh tha\u0301i<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea9m s\u00e2u v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e9t trung b\u00ecnh, pH = 4,5-5,5.<\/p>\n

\u01afa s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n b\u00f3ng che 50%.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1i sinh h\u1ea1t m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che 0,5-0,6 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n che 0,7-0,8 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y t\u00e1i sinh \u1edf c\u1ea5p chi\u1ec1u cao 1,5-2,0m. T\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf r\u1eebng k\u00edn l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh m\u01b0a \u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 r\u1eebng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh n\u1eeda r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 theo m\u00f9a \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, S\u00f4ng B\u00e9, T\u00e2y Ninh, B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh cao nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 Gia Lai, Kon Tum, \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc v\u00e0 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi 100m c\u00f3 n\u01a1i l\u00ean t\u1edbi 700m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a 1600-1800 mm\/n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 27\u00ad<\/sub>\u00ado<\/sup>C.<\/p>\n

3. Gi\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 ta\u0323o c\u00e2y con<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh 04TCN 32-2001 – quy ph\u1ea1m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng D\u1ea7u con r\u00e1i ban h\u00e0nh k\u00e8m theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 3644\/Q\u0110\/BNN-KHCN ng\u00e0y 9\/8\/2001 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 NN&PTNT.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e2y m\u1eb9 cao 15-20m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 30-40cm ch\u01b0a khai th\u00e1c nh\u1ef1a. Thu nh\u1eb7t l\u00fac qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u c\u00e1nh d\u00e1n, v\u1eeba r\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed7i kg c\u00f3 210-230 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea1t nhanh m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m; th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 10-15 ng\u00e0y n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1t \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 6 gi\u1edd, c\u1eaft c\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u1ee7 l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng gieo c\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m, h\u1ea1t n\u1ee9t nanh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecdc c\u00e2y m\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5 ng\u00e0y \u0111em gieo ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5y v\u00e0o b\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo t\u1eeb 15 th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 th\u00e1ng 5 ngay sau khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecf b\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng Poly\u00eatylen 8-10×15-20cm, th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 xung quanh.<\/p>\n

Ru\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1eebng l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh ho\u1eb7c n\u1eeda r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1, tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi 10-15% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng hoai v\u00e0 1-2% supe l\u00e2n, n\u1ebfu \u00edt ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam 0,1-0,5% \u0111\u1ea1m ur\u00ea.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7t h\u1ea1t n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00eang 45o<\/sup>, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e0y 2cm, r\u1eafc tr\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecf c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i, t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea9m cho c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Che b\u00f3ng 50% \u1edf t\u1ea7m cao 1,7m \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3-4 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00e2y \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng: <\/i>Cao 25-30cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 0,4cm n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. Cao 50-60cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ed5 r\u1ec5 0,6cm n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y 14 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

4. Tr\u00f4\u0300ng va\u0300 ch\u0103m so\u0301c r\u01b0\u0300ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e2u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 ba dan, \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 granit, ph\u00f9 sa c\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh ngh\u00e8o ki\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa ven s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng theo 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y con 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Ph\u00e1t d\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1ng 4. C\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 30x30x30 cm, c\u1ef1 ly 3x4m, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 800-850 c\u00e2y\/ha. Gi\u1eefa hai b\u0103ng tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa, \u0111\u1ed7, l\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafn, c\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c D\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc 0,5m gieo 2 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadu thi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eadu tr\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y 14 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i theo r\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Ch\u1eb7t b\u1ecf t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7i v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c b\u00ec theo b\u0103ng, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u1edbp th\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1i cao kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 4-5m. M\u1edf r\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u cao l\u1edbp th\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1i. Cu\u1ed1c h\u1ed1 40x40x40 cm. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng 500-800 c\u00e2y\/ha.<\/p>\n

– Ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y 14 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i theo h\u00e0ng hay \u0111\u00e1m ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00e2y b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y con 3 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i. Tr\u1ed3ng th\u00e1ng 5-6 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y con 14 th\u00e1ng tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3 n\u0103m li\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n

N\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u khi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 th\u00e1ng, l\u1ea7n hai v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 vun g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 3 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba ch\u0103m s\u00f3c 2 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t c\u00e2y c\u1ecf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n v\u00e0 vun x\u1edbi quanh g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. Sau 8-10 n\u0103m t\u1ec9a th\u01b0a l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf t\u00e1n cho c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

5. Khai tha\u0301c, s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng<\/b><\/p>\n

G\u1ed7 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng 0,7, x\u1ebfp nh\u00f3m V, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m g\u1ed7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e1n l\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1ef1a tr\u1eafng ch\u1ee9a 50-70% sesquiterpine c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u chai; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay C\u00f4l\u00f4phan trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf s\u01a1n, vecni, m\u1ef1c in, x\u1ea3m thuy\u1ec1n, g\u1eafn k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1, hoa, v\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ebf tanin v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng s\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00c2\u0300U N\u01af\u1edaC T\u00ean kh\u00e1c: D\u1ea7u con r\u00e1i, D\u1ea7u r\u00e1i, D\u1ea7u s\u01a1n T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc: Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt: D\u1ea7u (Dipterocarpaceae) 1. \u0110\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m hi\u0300nh tha\u0301i C\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn, cao t\u1edbi 40-45m, th\u00e2n th\u1eb3ng tr\u00f2n, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 2-2,5m, v\u1ecf l\u00fac non d\u00e0y, khi c\u00e2y l\u1edbn m\u1ecfng, m\u00e0u x\u00e1m v\u00e0ng. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15,72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12852"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12852"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12857,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12852\/revisions\/12857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vafs.gov.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}